第3章 WPF高级界面组件与数字墨迹绘图技术实战

第3章 WPF高级界面组件与数字墨迹绘图技术实战

3.1 Ribbon界面控件在企业级网络应用中的设计与应用

3.1.1 现代化应用界面选项卡设计策略

在现代C#网络应用开发中，用户界面设计直接影响用户体验和工作效率。Ribbon控件作为微软Office系列引入的界面范式，已成为专业应用程序的标准界面元素。在WPF（Windows Presentation Foundation）中，Ribbon控件提供了一种组织复杂功能的高效方式。

Ribbon控件的基本架构：
Ribbon控件由多个层次组成，包括应用程序菜单、快速访问工具栏、选项卡组和上下文选项卡。这种结构特别适合功能丰富的网络管理工具、监控系统或协作平台。

在WPF中集成Ribbon控件：
首先需要在项目中添加对Ribbon控件的引用。对于.NET Framework项目，需要引用System.Windows.Controls.Ribbon程序集；对于.NET Core/.NET 5+项目，需要使用Windows兼容包或第三方Ribbon控件库。

基础Ribbon界面实现示例：

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Controls.Ribbon;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace NetworkToolRibbonUI
{
public partial class MainWindow : RibbonWindow
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
SetupNetworkToolRibbon();
}

private void SetupNetworkToolRibbon()
{
// 创建Ribbon控件
Ribbon mainRibbon = new Ribbon();
mainRibbon.Title = "网络工具集 v1.0";

// 设置快速访问工具栏
SetupQuickAccessToolbar(mainRibbon);

// 创建主选项卡
CreateNetworkMonitorTab(mainRibbon);
CreateNetworkScanTab(mainRibbon);
CreateNetworkDiagnosticsTab(mainRibbon);
CreateToolsTab(mainRibbon);

// 添加上下文选项卡（特定条件下显示）
CreateDrawingContextualTab(mainRibbon);

this.Content = mainRibbon;
}

private void SetupQuickAccessToolbar(Ribbon ribbon)
{
// 快速访问工具栏 – 常用功能
ribbon.QuickAccessToolBar = new RibbonQuickAccessToolBar();

var saveButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "保存",
SmallImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M19,21H5A2,2 0 0,1 3,19V5A2,2 0 0,1 5,3H19A2,2 0 0,1 21,5V19A2,2 0 0,1 19,21M12,7A5,5 0 0,0 7,12A5,5 0 0,0 12,17A5,5 0 0,0 17,12A5,5 0 0,0 12,7Z"),
ToolTip = "保存当前工作"
};
saveButton.Click += OnSaveClicked;

var openButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "打开",
SmallImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M10,2H14A2,2 0 0,1 16,4V6H20A2,2 0 0,1 22,8V19A2,2 0 0,1 20,21H4C2.89,21 2,20.1 2,19V8C2,6.89 2.89,6 4,6H8V4C8,2.89 8.89,2 10,2M14,6V4H10V6H14Z"),
ToolTip = "打开网络配置文件"
};
openButton.Click += OnOpenClicked;

ribbon.QuickAccessToolBar.Items.Add(saveButton);
ribbon.QuickAccessToolBar.Items.Add(openButton);
}

private void CreateNetworkMonitorTab(Ribbon ribbon)
{
RibbonTab monitorTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = "网络监控",
KeyTip = "M"
};

// 监控组
RibbonGroup monitorGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "实时监控"
};

var startMonitorButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "开始监控",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M14,3.23V5.29C16.89,6.15 19,8.83 19,12C19,15.17 16.89,17.84 14,18.7V20.77C18,19.86 21,16.28 21,12C21,7.72 18,4.14 14,3.23M16.5,12C16.5,10.23 15.5,8.71 14,7.97V16C15.5,15.29 16.5,13.76 16.5,12M3,9V15H7L12,20V4L7,9H3Z"),
ToolTip = "开始网络流量监控"
};
startMonitorButton.Click += OnStartMonitorClicked;

var stopMonitorButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "停止监控",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,2M9,9H15V15H9"),
ToolTip = "停止网络监控"
};
stopMonitorButton.Click += OnStopMonitorClicked;

monitorGroup.Items.Add(startMonitorButton);
monitorGroup.Items.Add(stopMonitorButton);

// 视图组
RibbonGroup viewGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "视图选项"
};

var trafficViewComboBox = new RibbonComboBox
{
Label = "视图模式"
};
trafficViewComboBox.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "实时流量图" });
trafficViewComboBox.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "历史数据表" });
trafficViewComboBox.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "拓扑视图" });
trafficViewComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnTrafficViewChanged;

var autoRefreshToggle = new RibbonToggleButton
{
Label = "自动刷新",
IsChecked = true
};
autoRefreshToggle.Click += OnAutoRefreshToggled;

viewGroup.Items.Add(trafficViewComboBox);
viewGroup.Items.Add(autoRefreshToggle);

monitorTab.Items.Add(monitorGroup);
monitorTab.Items.Add(viewGroup);
ribbon.Items.Add(monitorTab);
}

private void CreateNetworkScanTab(Ribbon ribbon)
{
RibbonTab scanTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = "网络扫描",
KeyTip = "S"
};

// 扫描组
RibbonGroup scanGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "扫描操作"
};

var quickScanButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "快速扫描",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M17.9,17.39C17.64,16.59 16.89,16 16,16H15V13A1,1 0 0,0 14,12H8V10H10A1,1 0 0,0 11,9V7H13A2,2 0 0,0 15,5V4.59C17.93,5.77 20,8.64 20,12C20,14.08 19.2,15.97 17.9,17.39M11,19.93C7.05,19.44 4,16.08 4,12C4,11.38 4.08,10.78 4.21,10.21L9,15V16A2,2 0 0,0 11,18M10,4H8V6H10M1,1H7L6,2H2V6L1,7V1.5A0.5,0.5 0 0,0 0.5,1H1M23,1H16.5A0.5,0.5 0 0,0 16,1.5V7L15,6V2H11L10,1H23Z"),
ToolTip = "快速扫描网络设备"
};
quickScanButton.Click += OnQuickScanClicked;

var deepScanButton = new RibbonSplitButton
{
Label = "深度扫描",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M10,9A1,1 0 0,1 11,8A1,1 0 0,1 12,9V13.47L13.21,13.6L18.15,15.79C18.68,16.03 19,16.56 19,17.14V21.5C18.97,22.32 18.32,22.97 17.5,23H11C10.62,23 10.26,22.85 10,22.57L5.1,18.37L5.84,17.6C6.03,17.39 6.3,17.28 6.58,17.28H6.8L10,19V9M12,2A7,7 0 0,1 19,9C19,11.38 17.81,13.47 16,14.74V15A1,1 0 0,1 15,16H9A1,1 0 0,1 8,15V14.74C6.19,13.47 5,11.38 5,9A7,7 0 0,1 12,2Z")
};

// 添加深度扫描选项
var deepScanMenu = new RibbonMenu();
deepScanMenu.Items.Add(new RibbonMenuItem { Header = "端口扫描" });
deepScanMenu.Items.Add(new RibbonMenuItem { Header = "漏洞扫描" });
deepScanMenu.Items.Add(new RibbonMenuItem { Header = "服务识别" });
deepScanButton.DropDown = deepScanMenu;

scanGroup.Items.Add(quickScanButton);
scanGroup.Items.Add(deepScanButton);

// 配置组
RibbonGroup configGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "扫描配置"
};

var ipRangeTextBox = new RibbonTextBox
{
Label = "IP范围",
Text = "192.168.1.1-192.168.1.254"
};
ipRangeTextBox.TextChanged += OnIpRangeChanged;

var timeoutSlider = new RibbonSlider
{
Label = "超时(ms)",
Minimum = 100,
Maximum = 5000,
Value = 1000,
TickFrequency = 100
};
timeoutSlider.ValueChanged += OnTimeoutChanged;

configGroup.Items.Add(ipRangeTextBox);
configGroup.Items.Add(timeoutSlider);

scanTab.Items.Add(scanGroup);
scanTab.Items.Add(configGroup);
ribbon.Items.Add(scanTab);
}

private void CreateNetworkDiagnosticsTab(Ribbon ribbon)
{
RibbonTab diagnosticsTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = "网络诊断",
KeyTip = "D"
};

// 测试工具组
RibbonGroup testGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "诊断工具"
};

var pingButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "Ping测试",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,2M16.2,16.2L11,13.6V7H12.5V12.8L17,14.9L16.2,16.2Z")
};
pingButton.Click += OnPingTestClicked;

var tracerouteButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "路由追踪",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M11,2V22C5.9,21.5 2,17.2 2,12C2,6.8 5.9,2.5 11,2M13,2V11H22C21.5,6.2 17.8,2.5 13,2M13,13V22C17.7,21.5 21.5,17.8 22,13H13Z")
};
tracerouteButton.Click += OnTracerouteClicked;

testGroup.Items.Add(pingButton);
testGroup.Items.Add(tracerouteButton);

// 分析组
RibbonGroup analysisGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "数据分析"
};

var exportButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "导出报告",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M9,3V4H4V6H5V19A2,2 0 0,0 7,21H17A2,2 0 0,0 19,19V6H20V4H15V3H9M7,6H17V19H7V6M9,8V17H11V8H9M13,8V17H15V8H13Z")
};
exportButton.Click += OnExportReportClicked;

analysisGroup.Items.Add(exportButton);

diagnosticsTab.Items.Add(testGroup);
diagnosticsTab.Items.Add(analysisGroup);
ribbon.Items.Add(diagnosticsTab);
}

private void CreateToolsTab(Ribbon ribbon)
{
RibbonTab toolsTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = "工具集",
KeyTip = "T"
};

// 网络工具组
RibbonGroup netToolsGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "网络工具"
};

var bandwidthTestButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "带宽测试",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,2M12,4A8,8 0 0,1 20,12A8,8 0 0,1 12,20A8,8 0 0,1 4,12A8,8 0 0,1 12,4M12,6A6,6 0 0,0 6,12A6,6 0 0,0 12,18A6,6 0 0,0 18,12A6,6 0 0,0 12,6Z")
};
bandwidthTestButton.Click += OnBandwidthTestClicked;

var dnsLookupButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "DNS查询",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M11,9H13V7H11M12,20C7.59,20 4,16.41 4,12C4,7.59 7.59,4 12,4C16.41,4 20,7.59 20,12C20,16.41 16.41,20 12,20M12,2A10,10 0 0,0 2,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,22A10,10 0 0,0 22,12A10,10 0 0,0 12,2M11,17H13V11H11V17Z")
};
dnsLookupButton.Click += OnDnsLookupClicked;

netToolsGroup.Items.Add(bandwidthTestButton);
netToolsGroup.Items.Add(dnsLookupButton);

// 实用工具组
RibbonGroup utilToolsGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "实用工具"
};

var calculatorButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "子网计算器",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M2,2H22V22H2V2M20,12V20H12V12H20M10,8V4H4V10H8V14H4V20H10V16H14V20H20V14H16V10H20V4H14V8H10M10,10H14V14H10V10Z")
};
calculatorButton.Click += OnSubnetCalculatorClicked;

var converterButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "进制转换",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,2A10,10 0 0,1 22,12A10,10 0 0,1 12,22A10,10 0 0,1 2,12A10,10 0 0,1 12,2M12,4A8,8 0 0,0 4,12A8,8 0 0,0 12,20A8,8 0 0,0 20,12A8,8 0 0,0 12,4M10,7H14V9H11V15H10V7M17,7H19V15H17V7M7,7H9V15H7V7Z")
};
converterButton.Click += OnBaseConverterClicked;

utilToolsGroup.Items.Add(calculatorButton);
utilToolsGroup.Items.Add(converterButton);

toolsTab.Items.Add(netToolsGroup);
toolsTab.Items.Add(utilToolsGroup);
ribbon.Items.Add(toolsTab);
}

private void CreateDrawingContextualTab(Ribbon ribbon)
{
// 上下文选项卡 – 仅在绘图模式下显示
RibbonTab drawingTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = "绘图工具",
ContextualTabGroupHeader = "绘图",
Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed, // 默认隐藏
KeyTip = "P"
};

// 绘图工具组
RibbonGroup drawingToolsGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "绘图工具"
};

var penToolButton = new RibbonToggleButton
{
Label = "画笔",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M3,17.25V21H6.75L17.81,9.94L14.06,6.19L3,17.25M21.41,6.34L17.66,2.59L15.13,5.13L18.88,8.88L21.41,6.34Z")
};
penToolButton.Click += OnPenToolSelected;

var shapeToolButton = new RibbonToggleButton
{
Label = "形状",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,2C6.47,2 2,6.47 2,12C2,17.53 6.47,22 12,22C17.53,22 22,17.53 22,12C22,6.47 17.53,2 12,2M12,20C7.58,20 4,16.42 4,12C4,7.58 7.58,4 12,4C16.42,4 20,7.58 20,12C20,16.42 16.42,20 12,20M16.18,7.76L15.12,8.82L14.06,7.76L13,8.82L14.06,9.88L13,10.94L14.06,12L15.12,10.94L16.18,12L17.24,10.94L16.18,9.88L17.24,8.82L16.18,7.76M7.82,12L8.88,10.94L9.94,12L11,10.94L9.94,9.88L11,8.82L9.94,7.76L8.88,8.82L7.82,7.76L6.76,8.82L7.82,9.88L6.76,10.94L7.82,12M12,14C9.67,14 7.69,15.46 6.89,17.5H17.11C16.31,15.46 14.33,14 12,14Z")
};
shapeToolButton.Click += OnShapeToolSelected;

drawingToolsGroup.Items.Add(penToolButton);
drawingToolsGroup.Items.Add(shapeToolButton);

// 颜色组
RibbonGroup colorGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "颜色选项"
};

var colorPicker = new RibbonComboBox
{
Label = "笔刷颜色"
};
colorPicker.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "黑色", Background = Brushes.Black });
colorPicker.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "红色", Background = Brushes.Red });
colorPicker.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "蓝色", Background = Brushes.Blue });
colorPicker.Items.Add(new RibbonGalleryItem { Content = "绿色", Background = Brushes.Green });
colorPicker.SelectionChanged += OnColorSelected;

var thicknessSlider = new RibbonSlider
{
Label = "线宽",
Minimum = 1,
Maximum = 20,
Value = 3,
TickFrequency = 1
};
thicknessSlider.ValueChanged += OnThicknessChanged;

colorGroup.Items.Add(colorPicker);
colorGroup.Items.Add(thicknessSlider);

drawingTab.Items.Add(drawingToolsGroup);
drawingTab.Items.Add(colorGroup);
ribbon.Items.Add(drawingTab);
}

// 辅助方法：创建几何图形作为图标
private ImageSource CreateGeometryImage(string pathData)
{
var geometry = Geometry.Parse(pathData);
var drawing = new GeometryDrawing(Brushes.Black, new Pen(Brushes.Black, 1), geometry);
var drawingImage = new DrawingImage(drawing);
drawingImage.Freeze();
return drawingImage;
}

// 事件处理方法
private void OnSaveClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("保存功能被调用", "信息", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnOpenClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开功能被调用", "信息", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnStartMonitorClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始网络监控", "信息", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnStopMonitorClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("停止网络监控", "信息", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnTrafficViewChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
var comboBox = sender as RibbonComboBox;
if (comboBox != null && comboBox.SelectedItem != null)
{
var item = comboBox.SelectedItem as RibbonGalleryItem;
MessageBox.Show($"切换到视图: {item.Content}", "视图切换", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}
}

private void OnAutoRefreshToggled(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var toggle = sender as RibbonToggleButton;
MessageBox.Show($"自动刷新: {(toggle.IsChecked == true ? "启用" : "禁用")}", "设置", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnQuickScanClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始快速网络扫描", "扫描", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnIpRangeChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)
{
var textBox = sender as RibbonTextBox;
MessageBox.Show($"IP范围更新为: {textBox.Text}", "配置", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnTimeoutChanged(object sender, RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
{
var slider = sender as RibbonSlider;
MessageBox.Show($"超时时间设置为: {slider.Value}ms", "配置", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnPingTestClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始Ping测试", "诊断", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnTracerouteClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始路由追踪", "诊断", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnExportReportClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("导出诊断报告", "报告", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnBandwidthTestClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始带宽测试", "工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnDnsLookupClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("开始DNS查询", "工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnSubnetCalculatorClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开子网计算器", "工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnBaseConverterClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开进制转换器", "工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnPenToolSelected(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("选择画笔工具", "绘图", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnShapeToolSelected(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("选择形状工具", "绘图", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnColorSelected(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
var comboBox = sender as RibbonComboBox;
if (comboBox != null && comboBox.SelectedItem != null)
{
var item = comboBox.SelectedItem as RibbonGalleryItem;
MessageBox.Show($"选择颜色: {item.Content}", "绘图", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}
}

private void OnThicknessChanged(object sender, RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
{
var slider = sender as RibbonSlider;
MessageBox.Show($"线宽设置为: {slider.Value}", "绘图", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}
}

// 应用程序入口点
public class Program
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
Application app = new Application();
MainWindow mainWindow = new MainWindow();
mainWindow.Title = "网络工具集 – Ribbon界面示例";
mainWindow.Width = 1024;
mainWindow.Height = 768;
app.Run(mainWindow);
}
}
}

3.1.2 多选项卡功能复用与动态界面管理

在复杂的企业级网络应用中，经常需要在不同上下文环境中复用相同的功能组件。WPF Ribbon控件提供了强大的功能复用机制，允许开发者在多个选项卡中共享相同的命令和UI元素。

功能复用的设计模式：

网络工具功能复用示例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Controls.Ribbon;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace NetworkToolRibbonAdvanced
{
// 自定义命令类 – 实现网络操作命令
public class NetworkCommand : ICommand
{
private readonly Action<object> executeAction;
private readonly Func<object, bool> canExecuteFunc;

public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

public NetworkCommand(Action<object> execute, Func<object, bool> canExecute = null)
{
executeAction = execute ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(execute));
canExecuteFunc = canExecute;
}

public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return canExecuteFunc == null || canExecuteFunc(parameter);
}

public void Execute(object parameter)
{
executeAction(parameter);
}

public void RaiseCanExecuteChanged()
{
CanExecuteChanged?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
}

// 网络操作管理器
public class NetworkOperationManager
{
private static NetworkOperationManager instance;
public static NetworkOperationManager Instance => instance ??= new NetworkOperationManager();

// 共享的命令
public ICommand SaveCommand { get; }
public ICommand OpenCommand { get; }
public ICommand ExportCommand { get; }
public ICommand ScanCommand { get; }

private NetworkOperationManager()
{
// 初始化共享命令
SaveCommand = new NetworkCommand(ExecuteSave, CanExecuteSave);
OpenCommand = new NetworkCommand(ExecuteOpen);
ExportCommand = new NetworkCommand(ExecuteExport);
ScanCommand = new NetworkCommand(ExecuteScan, CanExecuteScan);
}

private bool CanExecuteSave(object parameter)
{
// 检查是否有需要保存的数据
return true; // 简化实现
}

private void ExecuteSave(object parameter)
{
MessageBox.Show("保存网络配置", "保存操作", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void ExecuteOpen(object parameter)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开网络配置文件", "打开操作", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void ExecuteExport(object parameter)
{
string format = parameter as string ?? "PDF";
MessageBox.Show($"导出为 {format} 格式", "导出操作", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private bool CanExecuteScan(object parameter)
{
// 检查网络连接状态
return System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkInterface.GetIsNetworkAvailable();
}

private void ExecuteScan(object parameter)
{
string scanType = parameter as string ?? "快速扫描";
MessageBox.Show($"执行 {scanType}", "扫描操作", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}
}

// 动态Ribbon界面生成器
public class DynamicRibbonBuilder
{
private readonly Ribbon ribbon;
private readonly Dictionary<string, RibbonTab> tabCache = new Dictionary<string, RibbonTab>();

public DynamicRibbonBuilder(Ribbon targetRibbon)
{
ribbon = targetRibbon;
}

// 创建或获取选项卡
public RibbonTab GetOrCreateTab(string tabName, string header, string keyTip = null)
{
if (tabCache.TryGetValue(tabName, out RibbonTab existingTab))
{
return existingTab;
}

RibbonTab newTab = new RibbonTab
{
Header = header,
KeyTip = keyTip ?? GetKeyTip(tabName)
};

ribbon.Items.Add(newTab);
tabCache[tabName] = newTab;

return newTab;
}

// 添加共享功能组
public RibbonGroup AddSharedFunctionsGroup(RibbonTab tab, string groupName)
{
RibbonGroup sharedGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = groupName
};

// 添加共享的保存按钮
var saveButton = CreateSharedButton("保存",
NetworkOperationManager.Instance.SaveCommand,
"保存当前工作");

// 添加共享的打开按钮
var openButton = CreateSharedButton("打开",
NetworkOperationManager.Instance.OpenCommand,
"打开配置文件");

// 添加共享的导出按钮（带下拉菜单）
var exportSplitButton = new RibbonSplitButton
{
Label = "导出",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ExportCommand,
CommandParameter = "PDF",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M19,21H5A2,2 0 0,1 3,19V5A2,2 0 0,1 5,3H19A2,2 0 0,1 21,5V19A2,2 0 0,1 19,21M12,7A5,5 0 0,0 7,12A5,5 0 0,0 12,17A5,5 0 0,0 17,12A5,5 0 0,0 12,7Z")
};

// 导出格式选项
var exportMenu = new RibbonMenu();
var pdfItem = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "PDF格式",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ExportCommand,
CommandParameter = "PDF"
};
var excelItem = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "Excel格式",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ExportCommand,
CommandParameter = "Excel"
};
var csvItem = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "CSV格式",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ExportCommand,
CommandParameter = "CSV"
};

exportMenu.Items.Add(pdfItem);
exportMenu.Items.Add(excelItem);
exportMenu.Items.Add(csvItem);
exportSplitButton.DropDown = exportMenu;

sharedGroup.Items.Add(saveButton);
sharedGroup.Items.Add(openButton);
sharedGroup.Items.Add(exportSplitButton);

tab.Items.Add(sharedGroup);
return sharedGroup;
}

// 创建网络扫描组（在不同选项卡中复用）
public RibbonGroup AddNetworkScanGroup(RibbonTab tab, string groupHeader)
{
RibbonGroup scanGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = groupHeader
};

// 快速扫描按钮
var quickScanButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "快速扫描",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ScanCommand,
CommandParameter = "快速扫描",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M17.9,17.39C17.64,16.59 16.89,16 16,16H15V13A1,1 0 0,0 14,12H8V10H10A1,1 0 0,0 11,9V7H13A2,2 0 0,0 15,5V4.59C17.93,5.77 20,8.64 20,12C20,14.08 19.2,15.97 17.9,17.39M11,19.93C7.05,19.44 4,16.08 4,12C4,11.38 4.08,10.78 4.21,10.21L9,15V16A2,2 0 0,0 11,18M10,4H8V6H10M1,1H7L6,2H2V6L1,7V1.5A0.5,0.5 0 0,0 0.5,1H1M23,1H16.5A0.5,0.5 0 0,0 16,1.5V7L15,6V2H11L10,1H23Z")
};

// 深度扫描按钮
var deepScanButton = new RibbonSplitButton
{
Label = "深度扫描",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M10,9A1,1 0 0,1 11,8A1,1 0 0,1 12,9V13.47L13.21,13.6L18.15,15.79C18.68,16.03 19,16.56 19,17.14V21.5C18.97,22.32 18.32,22.97 17.5,23H11C10.62,23 10.26,22.85 10,22.57L5.1,18.37L5.84,17.6C6.03,17.39 6.3,17.28 6.58,17.28H6.8L10,19V9M12,2A7,7 0 0,1 19,9C19,11.38 17.81,13.47 16,14.74V15A1,1 0 0,1 15,16H9A1,1 0 0,1 8,15V14.74C6.19,13.47 5,11.38 5,9A7,7 0 0,1 12,2Z")
};

// 深度扫描选项
var deepScanMenu = new RibbonMenu();
var portScanItem = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "端口扫描",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ScanCommand,
CommandParameter = "端口扫描"
};
var vulnScanItem = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "漏洞扫描",
Command = NetworkOperationManager.Instance.ScanCommand,
CommandParameter = "漏洞扫描"
};

deepScanMenu.Items.Add(portScanItem);
deepScanMenu.Items.Add(vulnScanItem);
deepScanButton.DropDown = deepScanMenu;

scanGroup.Items.Add(quickScanButton);
scanGroup.Items.Add(deepScanButton);

tab.Items.Add(scanGroup);
return scanGroup;
}

// 动态添加工具组（根据用户权限）
public void AddToolsBasedOnPermission(RibbonTab tab, UserPermission permission)
{
if (permission.HasFlag(UserPermission.NetworkAdmin))
{
AddAdminToolsGroup(tab);
}

if (permission.HasFlag(UserPermission.SecurityAnalyst))
{
AddSecurityToolsGroup(tab);
}

if (permission.HasFlag(UserPermission.NetworkOperator))
{
AddOperatorToolsGroup(tab);
}
}

private void AddAdminToolsGroup(RibbonTab tab)
{
RibbonGroup adminGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "管理员工具"
};

var configManagerButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "配置管理",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,15.5A3.5,3.5 0 0,1 8.5,12A3.5,3.5 0 0,1 12,8.5A3.5,3.5 0 0,1 15.5,12A3.5,3.5 0 0,1 12,15.5M19.43,12.97C19.47,12.65 19.5,12.33 19.5,12C19.5,11.67 19.47,11.34 19.43,11L21.54,9.37C21.73,9.22 21.78,8.95 21.66,8.73L19.66,5.27C19.54,5.05 19.27,4.96 19.05,5.05L16.56,6.05C16.04,5.66 15.5,5.32 14.87,5.07L14.5,2.42C14.46,2.18 14.25,2 14,2H10C9.75,2 9.54,2.18 9.5,2.42L9.13,5.07C8.5,5.32 7.96,5.66 7.44,6.05L4.95,5.05C4.73,4.96 4.46,5.05 4.34,5.27L2.34,8.73C2.22,8.95 2.27,9.22 2.46,9.37L4.57,11C4.53,11.34 4.5,11.67 4.5,12C4.5,12.33 4.53,12.65 4.57,12.97L2.46,14.63C2.27,14.78 2.22,15.05 2.34,15.27L4.34,18.73C4.46,18.95 4.73,19.03 4.95,18.95L7.44,17.94C7.96,18.34 8.5,18.68 9.13,18.93L9.5,21.58C9.54,21.82 9.75,22 10,22H14C14.25,22 14.46,21.82 14.5,21.58L14.87,18.93C15.5,18.68 16.04,18.34 16.56,17.94L19.05,18.95C19.27,19.03 19.54,18.95 19.66,18.73L21.66,15.27C21.78,15.05 21.73,14.78 21.54,14.63L19.43,12.97Z")
};
configManagerButton.Click += OnConfigManagerClicked;

var userManagerButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "用户管理",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M12,4A4,4 0 0,1 16,8A4,4 0 0,1 12,12A4,4 0 0,1 8,8A4,4 0 0,1 12,4M12,14C16.42,14 20,15.79 20,18V20H4V18C4,15.79 7.58,14 12,14Z")
};
userManagerButton.Click += OnUserManagerClicked;

adminGroup.Items.Add(configManagerButton);
adminGroup.Items.Add(userManagerButton);
tab.Items.Add(adminGroup);
}

private void AddSecurityToolsGroup(RibbonTab tab)
{
RibbonGroup securityGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "安全工具"
};

var firewallButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "防火墙管理",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M19,13H13V19H11V13H5V11H11V5H13V11H19V13Z")
};
firewallButton.Click += OnFirewallManagerClicked;

var logAnalyzerButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "日志分析",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M3,22V8H7V22H3M10,22V2H14V22H10M17,22V14H21V22H17Z")
};
logAnalyzerButton.Click += OnLogAnalyzerClicked;

securityGroup.Items.Add(firewallButton);
securityGroup.Items.Add(logAnalyzerButton);
tab.Items.Add(securityGroup);
}

private void AddOperatorToolsGroup(RibbonTab tab)
{
RibbonGroup operatorGroup = new RibbonGroup
{
Header = "操作员工具"
};

var monitorDashboardButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "监控面板",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M21,16V4H3V16H21M21,2A2,2 0 0,1 23,4V16A2,2 0 0,1 21,18H14L16,21V22H8V21L10,18H3A2,2 0 0,1 1,16V4A2,2 0 0,1 3,2H21Z")
};
monitorDashboardButton.Click += OnMonitorDashboardClicked;

var alertManagerButton = new RibbonButton
{
Label = "告警管理",
LargeImageSource = CreateGeometryImage("M13,14H11V10H13M13,18H11V16H13M1,21H23L12,2L1,21Z")
};
alertManagerButton.Click += OnAlertManagerClicked;

operatorGroup.Items.Add(monitorDashboardButton);
operatorGroup.Items.Add(alertManagerButton);
tab.Items.Add(operatorGroup);
}

// 辅助方法
private RibbonButton CreateSharedButton(string label, ICommand command, string tooltip)
{
return new RibbonButton
{
Label = label,
Command = command,
ToolTip = tooltip,
LargeImageSource = GetIconForCommand(label)
};
}

private ImageSource GetIconForCommand(string commandLabel)
{
// 根据命令标签返回相应的图标
return commandLabel switch
{
"保存" => CreateGeometryImage("M15,9H5V5H15M12,19A3,3 0 0,1 9,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,13A3,3 0 0,1 15,16A3,3 0 0,1 12,19M17,3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V7L17,3Z"),
"打开" => CreateGeometryImage("M9,16V10H5L12,3L19,10H15V16H9M5,20V18H19V20H5Z"),
"导出" => CreateGeometryImage("M12,2A10,10 0 0,1 22,12A10,10 0 0,1 12,22A10,10 0 0,1 2,12A10,10 0 0,1 12,2M12,4A8,8 0 0,0 4,12A8,8 0 0,0 12,20A8,8 0 0,0 20,12A8,8 0 0,0 12,4M12,5A7,7 0 0,1 19,12H14V7L9,12L14,17V14H19A7,7 0 0,1 12,5Z"),
_ => CreateGeometryImage("M13,9H18.5L13,3.5V9M6,2H14L20,8V20A2,2 0 0,1 18,22H6C4.89,22 4,21.1 4,20V4C4,2.89 4.89,2 6,2M15,18V16H6V18H15M18,14V12H6V14H18Z")
};
}

private string GetKeyTip(string tabName)
{
return tabName.Length > 0 ? tabName[0].ToString().ToUpper() : "X";
}

private ImageSource CreateGeometryImage(string pathData)
{
var geometry = Geometry.Parse(pathData);
var drawing = new GeometryDrawing(Brushes.Black, new Pen(Brushes.Black, 1), geometry);
var drawingImage = new DrawingImage(drawing);
drawingImage.Freeze();
return drawingImage;
}

// 事件处理方法
private void OnConfigManagerClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开配置管理器", "管理员工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnUserManagerClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开用户管理器", "管理员工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnFirewallManagerClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开防火墙管理器", "安全工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnLogAnalyzerClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开日志分析器", "安全工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnMonitorDashboardClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开监控面板", "操作员工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnAlertManagerClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("打开告警管理器", "操作员工具", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}
}

// 用户权限枚举
[Flags]
public enum UserPermission
{
None = 0,
NetworkOperator = 1,
SecurityAnalyst = 2,
NetworkAdmin = 4,
All = NetworkOperator | SecurityAnalyst | NetworkAdmin
}

// 主窗口
public partial class AdvancedMainWindow : RibbonWindow
{
private DynamicRibbonBuilder ribbonBuilder;
private UserPermission currentUserPermission = UserPermission.NetworkOperator;

public AdvancedMainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
SetupDynamicRibbon();
}

private void SetupDynamicRibbon()
{
Ribbon mainRibbon = new Ribbon();
mainRibbon.Title = "动态网络工具集";

ribbonBuilder = new DynamicRibbonBuilder(mainRibbon);

// 根据用户角色创建不同的界面
CreateUserSpecificInterface(mainRibbon);

// 添加上下文菜单
AddContextMenu(mainRibbon);

this.Content = mainRibbon;
}

private void CreateUserSpecificInterface(Ribbon ribbon)
{
// 监控选项卡（所有用户都有）
var monitorTab = ribbonBuilder.GetOrCreateTab("Monitor", "网络监控", "M");
ribbonBuilder.AddSharedFunctionsGroup(monitorTab, "常用操作");

// 根据权限添加工具
ribbonBuilder.AddToolsBasedOnPermission(monitorTab, currentUserPermission);

// 扫描选项卡
var scanTab = ribbonBuilder.GetOrCreateTab("Scan", "网络扫描", "S");
ribbonBuilder.AddNetworkScanGroup(scanTab, "扫描操作");
ribbonBuilder.AddSharedFunctionsGroup(scanTab, "文件操作");

// 如果用户有管理员权限，添加管理选项卡
if (currentUserPermission.HasFlag(UserPermission.NetworkAdmin))
{
var adminTab = ribbonBuilder.GetOrCreateTab("Admin", "系统管理", "A");
ribbonBuilder.AddToolsBasedOnPermission(adminTab, UserPermission.NetworkAdmin);
}

// 如果用户有安全分析权限，添加安全选项卡
if (currentUserPermission.HasFlag(UserPermission.SecurityAnalyst))
{
var securityTab = ribbonBuilder.GetOrCreateTab("Security", "安全管理", "E");
ribbonBuilder.AddToolsBasedOnPermission(securityTab, UserPermission.SecurityAnalyst);
}
}

private void AddContextMenu(Ribbon ribbon)
{
// 添加快捷访问工具栏自定义项
var customizeMenu = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "自定义快速访问工具栏"
};
customizeMenu.Click += OnCustomizeQuickAccessToolbar;

// 添加选项卡管理
var tabManagerMenu = new RibbonMenuItem
{
Header = "管理选项卡"
};
tabManagerMenu.Click += OnManageTabs;

var contextMenu = new RibbonContextMenu();
contextMenu.Items.Add(customizeMenu);
contextMenu.Items.Add(new Separator());
contextMenu.Items.Add(tabManagerMenu);

ribbon.ContextMenu = contextMenu;
}

private void OnCustomizeQuickAccessToolbar(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("自定义快速访问工具栏", "界面设置", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

private void OnManageTabs(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("管理选项卡", "界面设置", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
}

// 模拟用户权限切换
public void SwitchUserPermission(UserPermission newPermission)
{
currentUserPermission = newPermission;

// 重新创建界面
Ribbon currentRibbon = this.Content as Ribbon;
if (currentRibbon != null)
{
currentRibbon.Items.Clear();
CreateUserSpecificInterface(currentRibbon);
}
}
}

// 应用程序
public class AdvancedProgram
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
Application app = new Application();

AdvancedMainWindow mainWindow = new AdvancedMainWindow();
mainWindow.Title = "动态Ribbon界面示例";
mainWindow.Width = 1200;
mainWindow.Height = 800;

// 创建测试按钮面板
StackPanel testPanel = new StackPanel
{
Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal,
VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Bottom,
HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 20)
};

// 添加权限切换按钮
var operatorButton = new Button
{
Content = "操作员视图",
Margin = new Thickness(5),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 5, 10, 5)
};
operatorButton.Click += (s, e) => mainWindow.SwitchUserPermission(UserPermission.NetworkOperator);

var analystButton = new Button
{
Content = "安全分析视图",
Margin = new Thickness(5),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 5, 10, 5)
};
analystButton.Click += (s, e) => mainWindow.SwitchUserPermission(UserPermission.SecurityAnalyst);

var adminButton = new Button
{
Content = "管理员视图",
Margin = new Thickness(5),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 5, 10, 5)
};
adminButton.Click += (s, e) => mainWindow.SwitchUserPermission(UserPermission.NetworkAdmin);

testPanel.Children.Add(operatorButton);
testPanel.Children.Add(analystButton);
testPanel.Children.Add(adminButton);

// 创建主容器
Grid mainGrid = new Grid();
mainGrid.Children.Add(mainWindow.Content as UIElement);
mainGrid.Children.Add(testPanel);

Window containerWindow = new Window
{
Title = "动态Ribbon界面测试",
Content = mainGrid,
Width = 1200,
Height = 850
};

app.Run(containerWindow);
}
}
}

3.2 WPF数字墨迹技术在网络应用中的实现与应用

3.2.1 墨迹画板基础与网络白板应用

数字墨迹技术在现代网络应用中扮演着重要角色，特别是在协作工具、远程教学系统和网络会议应用中。WPF提供了强大的InkCanvas控件，支持高质量的笔迹输入和渲染。

InkCanvas核心功能：

基础网络白板实现：

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace NetworkWhiteboardBasic
{
public partial class BasicWhiteboardWindow : Window
{
private InkCanvas inkCanvas;
private ComboBox penColorComboBox;
private Slider penSizeSlider;
private ComboBox editingModeComboBox;
private string currentFileName;

public BasicWhiteboardWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
SetupWhiteboard();
SetupToolbar();
}

private void SetupWhiteboard()
{
// 创建主网格
Grid mainGrid = new Grid();

// 定义行
mainGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(40) });
mainGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(1, GridUnitType.Star) });
mainGrid.RowDefinitions.Add(new RowDefinition { Height = new GridLength(30) });

// 创建墨迹画板
inkCanvas = new InkCanvas
{
Background = Brushes.White,
DefaultDrawingAttributes = new DrawingAttributes
{
Color = Colors.Black,
Width = 3,
Height = 3,
FitToCurve = true,
IsHighlighter = false,
IgnorePressure = false,
StylusTip = StylusTip.Ellipse
},
EditingMode = InkCanvasEditingMode.Ink
};

// 设置手势识别
inkCanvas.SetEnabledGestures(new[]
{
ApplicationGesture.Circle,
ApplicationGesture.Check,
ApplicationGesture.ChevronDown,
ApplicationGesture.ChevronLeft,
ApplicationGesture.ChevronRight,
ApplicationGesture.ChevronUp,
ApplicationGesture.Curlicue,
ApplicationGesture.DoubleCurlicue,
ApplicationGesture.DoubleTap,
ApplicationGesture.Down,
ApplicationGesture.DownLeft,
ApplicationGesture.DownRight,
ApplicationGesture.Exclamation,
ApplicationGesture.Left,
ApplicationGesture.Right,
ApplicationGesture.ScratchOut,
ApplicationGesture.Square,
ApplicationGesture.Star,
ApplicationGesture.Tap,
ApplicationGesture.Triangle,
ApplicationGesture.Up,
ApplicationGesture.UpLeft,
ApplicationGesture.UpRight
});

// 处理手势事件
inkCanvas.Gesture += OnInkCanvasGesture;

// 处理墨迹收集事件
inkCanvas.StrokeCollected += OnStrokeCollected;
inkCanvas.StrokeErased += OnStrokeErased;
inkCanvas.StrokeErasing += OnStrokeErasing;

Grid.SetRow(inkCanvas, 1);
mainGrid.Children.Add(inkCanvas);

this.Content = mainGrid;
}

private void SetupToolbar()
{
// 创建工具栏面板
StackPanel toolbarPanel = new StackPanel
{
Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal,
Background = Brushes.LightGray,
Margin = new Thickness(5)
};

// 笔颜色选择
penColorComboBox = new ComboBox
{
Width = 100,
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
ItemsSource = new[]
{
new { Name = "黑色", Color = Colors.Black },
new { Name = "红色", Color = Colors.Red },
new { Name = "蓝色", Color = Colors.Blue },
new { Name = "绿色", Color = Colors.Green },
new { Name = "黄色", Color = Colors.Yellow },
new { Name = "紫色", Color = Colors.Purple },
new { Name = "橙色", Color = Colors.Orange }
},
DisplayMemberPath = "Name",
SelectedIndex = 0
};
penColorComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnPenColorChanged;

// 笔粗细调整
penSizeSlider = new Slider
{
Width = 100,
Minimum = 1,
Maximum = 20,
Value = 3,
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0)
};
penSizeSlider.ValueChanged += OnPenSizeChanged;

// 编辑模式选择
editingModeComboBox = new ComboBox
{
Width = 120,
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
ItemsSource = new[]
{
new { Mode = InkCanvasEditingMode.Ink, Name = "绘图模式" },
new { Mode = InkCanvasEditingMode.Select, Name = "选择模式" },
new { Mode = InkCanvasEditingMode.EraseByPoint, Name = "点擦除" },
new { Mode = InkCanvasEditingMode.EraseByStroke, Name = "笔画擦除" },
new { Mode = InkCanvasEditingMode.None, Name = "无操作" }
},
DisplayMemberPath = "Name",
SelectedIndex = 0
};
editingModeComboBox.SelectionChanged += OnEditingModeChanged;

// 操作按钮
var clearButton = new Button
{
Content = "清空画板",
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 2, 10, 2)
};
clearButton.Click += OnClearButtonClicked;

var saveButton = new Button
{
Content = "保存墨迹",
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 2, 10, 2)
};
saveButton.Click += OnSaveButtonClicked;

var loadButton = new Button
{
Content = "加载墨迹",
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 2, 10, 2)
};
loadButton.Click += OnLoadButtonClicked;

var undoButton = new Button
{
Content = "撤销",
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 2, 10, 2)
};
undoButton.Click += OnUndoButtonClicked;

var redoButton = new Button
{
Content = "重做",
Margin = new Thickness(5, 0, 5, 0),
Padding = new Thickness(10, 2, 10, 2)
};
redoButton.Click += OnRedoButtonClicked;

// 将工具栏添加到网格
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(new Label { Content = "颜色:", VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center });
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(penColorComboBox);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(new Label { Content = "粗细:", VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center });
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(penSizeSlider);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(new Label { Content = "模式:", VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center });
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(editingModeComboBox);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(clearButton);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(saveButton);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(loadButton);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(undoButton);
toolbarPanel.Children.Add(redoButton);

Grid.SetRow(toolbarPanel, 0);
((Grid)this.Content).Children.Add(toolbarPanel);

// 创建状态栏
TextBlock statusBar = new TextBlock
{
Text = "就绪",
Background = Brushes.LightGray,
Padding = new Thickness(5),
VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center
};

Grid.SetRow(statusBar, 2);
((Grid)this.Content).Children.Add(statusBar);
}

// 事件处理方法
private void OnPenColorChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (penColorComboBox.SelectedItem != null)
{
dynamic selectedItem = penColorComboBox.SelectedItem;
Color selectedColor = selectedItem.Color;

DrawingAttributes drawingAttributes = inkCanvas.DefaultDrawingAttributes.Clone();
drawingAttributes.Color = selectedColor;
inkCanvas.DefaultDrawingAttributes = drawingAttributes;
}
}

private void OnPenSizeChanged(object sender, RoutedPropertyChangedEventArgs<double> e)
{
DrawingAttributes drawingAttributes = inkCanvas.DefaultDrawingAttributes.Clone();
drawingAttributes.Width = penSizeSlider.Value;
drawingAttributes.Height = penSizeSlider.Value;
inkCanvas.DefaultDrawingAttributes = drawingAttributes;
}

private void OnEditingModeChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
if (editingModeComboBox.SelectedItem != null)
{
dynamic selectedItem = editingModeComboBox.SelectedItem;
inkCanvas.EditingMode = selectedItem.Mode;
}
}

private void OnClearButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
inkCanvas.Strokes.Clear();
UpdateStatus("画板已清空");
}

private void OnSaveButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Microsoft.Win32.SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog = new Microsoft.Win32.SaveFileDialog
{
Filter = "墨迹文件 (*.isf)|*.isf|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*",
DefaultExt = ".isf",
FileName = currentFileName ?? "墨迹画板"
};

if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
{
try
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(saveFileDialog.FileName, FileMode.Create))
{
inkCanvas.Strokes.Save(fs);
}
currentFileName = saveFileDialog.FileName;
UpdateStatus($"墨迹已保存到: {Path.GetFileName(currentFileName)}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"保存文件时出错: {ex.Message}", "错误", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
}
}
}

private void OnLoadButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog = new Microsoft.Win32.OpenFileDialog
{
Filter = "墨迹文件 (*.isf)|*.isf|所有文件 (*.*)|*.*",
DefaultExt = ".isf"
};

if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == true)
{
try
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(openFileDialog.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
StrokeCollection strokes = new StrokeCollection(fs);
inkCanvas.Strokes = strokes;
}
currentFileName = openFileDialog.FileName;
UpdateStatus($"已加载墨迹文件: {Path.GetFileName(currentFileName)}");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show($"加载文件时出错: {ex.Message}", "错误", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Error);
}
}
}

private void OnUndoButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (inkCanvas.Strokes.Count > 0)
{
inkCanvas.Strokes.RemoveAt(inkCanvas.Strokes.Count – 1);
UpdateStatus("撤销上一个笔画");
}
else
{
UpdateStatus("没有可撤销的笔画");
}
}

private void OnRedoButtonClicked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// 在实际应用中，需要维护一个重做栈
// 这里简化为提示信息
UpdateStatus("重做功能需要实现历史记录管理");
}

private void OnInkCanvasGesture(object sender, InkCanvasGestureEventArgs e)
{
ReadOnlyCollection<GestureRecognitionResult> gestureResults = e.GetGestureRecognitionResults();

if (gestureResults.Count > 0)
{
GestureRecognitionResult bestResult = gestureResults[0];

if (bestResult.RecognitionConfidence == RecognitionConfidence.Strong ||
bestResult.RecognitionConfidence == RecognitionConfidence.Intermediate)
{
ApplicationGesture recognizedGesture = bestResult.ApplicationGesture;

switch (recognizedGesture)
{
case ApplicationGesture.Circle:
UpdateStatus("识别到: 圆形");
break;
case ApplicationGesture.Square:
UpdateStatus("识别到: 方形");
break;
case ApplicationGesture.Triangle:
UpdateStatus("识别到: 三角形");
break;
case ApplicationGesture.Check:
UpdateStatus("识别到: 勾选标记");
break;
case ApplicationGesture.ScratchOut:
// 涂鸦删除手势
inkCanvas.Strokes.Remove(e.Strokes[0]);
UpdateStatus("识别到删除手势，已删除笔画");
break;
default:
UpdateStatus($"识别到手势: {recognizedGesture}");
break;
}
}
}
}

private void OnStrokeCollected(object sender, InkCanvasStrokeCollectedEventArgs e)
{
Stroke newStroke = e.Stroke;
UpdateStatus($"添加了新笔画，ID: {newStroke.GetHashCode()}");
}

private void OnStrokeErased(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
UpdateStatus("笔画已被擦除");
}

private void OnStrokeErasing(object sender, InkCanvasStrokeErasingEventArgs e)
{
// 可以在这里添加确认逻辑
// e.Cancel = true; // 取消擦除操作
}

private void UpdateStatus(string message)
{
if (((Grid)this.Content).Children[2] is TextBlock statusBar)
{
statusBar.Text = $"{DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss} – {message}";
}
}

// 网络白板特定功能
public void ReceiveRemoteStroke(Stroke stroke)
{
// 从网络接收笔画并添加到画板
Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
{
inkCanvas.Strokes.Add(stroke);
UpdateStatus("收到远程笔画");
});
}

public StrokeCollection GetAllStrokes()
{
// 获取所有笔画用于网络传输
return inkCanvas.Strokes.Clone();
}

public void ClearAllStrokes()
{
Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
{
inkCanvas.Strokes.Clear();
UpdateStatus("清空所有笔画");
});
}
}

// 网络白板客户端模拟
public class NetworkWhiteboardClient
{
private BasicWhiteboardWindow whiteboardWindow;
private Random random = new Random();

public NetworkWhiteboardClient()
{
whiteboardWindow = new BasicWhiteboardWindow();
whiteboardWindow.Title = "网络白板客户端";
whiteboardWindow.Width = 800;
whiteboardWindow.Height = 600;
}

public void Show()
{
whiteboardWindow.Show();
}

// 模拟接收网络数据
public void SimulateNetworkReceive()
{
// 模拟创建随机笔画
StylusPointCollection points = new StylusPointCollection();

int startX = random.Next(100, 500);
int startY = random.Next(100, 400);

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
points.Add(new StylusPoint(startX + i * 10, startY + random.Next(–10, 10)));
}

DrawingAttributes attributes = new DrawingAttributes
{
Color = Color.FromRgb(
(byte)random.Next(50, 255),
(byte)random.Next(50, 255),
(byte)random.Next(50, 255)),
Width = random.Next(2, 10),
Height = random.Next(2, 10),
FitToCurve = true
};

Stroke remoteStroke = new Stroke(points, attributes);
whiteboardWindow.ReceiveRemoteStroke(remoteStroke);
}

// 模拟发送数据
public StrokeCollection GetStrokesForSending()
{
return whiteboardWindow.GetAllStrokes();
}
}

// 应用程序入口
public class WhiteboardApp
{
[STAThread]
public static void Main()
{
Application app = new Application();

// 创建客户端实例
NetworkWhiteboardClient client = new NetworkWhiteboardClient();

// 创建控制面板
Window controlPanel = new Window
{
Title = "白板控制面板",
Width = 300,
Height = 200,
WindowStartupLocation = WindowStartupLocation.CenterScreen
};

StackPanel panel = new StackPanel
{
Margin = new Thickness(20)
};

Button showWhiteboardButton = new Button
{
Content = "显示白板",
Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 10),
Padding = new Thickness(20, 10, 20, 10)
};
showWhiteboardButton.Click += (s, e) => client.Show();

Button simulateReceiveButton = new Button
{
Content = "模拟接收网络笔画",
Margin = new Thickness(0, 0, 0, 10),
Padding = new Thickness(20, 10, 20, 10)
};
simulateReceiveButton.Click += (s, e) => client.SimulateNetworkReceive();

Button exitButton = new Button
{
Content = "退出",
Padding = new Thickness(20, 10, 20, 10)
};
exitButton.Click += (s, e) => app.Shutdown();

panel.Children.Add(showWhiteboardButton);
panel.Children.Add(simulateReceiveButton);
panel.Children.Add(exitButton);

controlPanel.Content = panel;

app.Run(controlPanel);
}
}
}

3.2.2 高级触笔事件处理与手势识别

在专业的网络绘图应用中，触笔事件和手势识别提供了更加自然的用户交互体验。WPF提供了完整的触笔事件处理机制，允许开发者创建响应灵敏的绘图应用。

触笔事件层次结构：

高级触笔事件处理示例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace AdvancedStylusHandling
{
public class AdvancedInkCanvas : Canvas
{
// 笔画集合
private StrokeCollection strokes = new StrokeCollection();
private Stroke currentStroke;
private StylusPointCollection currentPoints;

// 绘图属性
private DrawingAttributes drawingAttributes = new DrawingAttributes
{
Color = Colors.Black,
Width = 3,
Height = 3,
FitToCurve = true,
IsHighlighter = false,
IgnorePressure = false,
StylusTip = StylusTip.Ellipse
};

// 手势识别
private List<GestureRecognitionResult> lastGestureResults = new List<GestureRecognitionResult>();

// 压力敏感支持
private bool isPressureSensitive = true;

// 事件
public event EventHandler<StrokeEventArgs> StrokeCollected;
public event EventHandler<GestureRecognizedEventArgs> GestureRecognized;
public event EventHandler<StylusPressureEventArgs> StylusPressureChanged;

public AdvancedInkCanvas()
{
this.Background = Brushes.White;

// 启用触笔事件
this.Focusable = true;
this.FocusVisualStyle = null;

// 设置触笔事件处理
this.StylusDown += OnStylusDown;
this.StylusMove += OnStylusMove;
this.StylusUp += OnStylusUp;
this.StylusSystemGesture += OnStylusSystemGesture;

// 鼠标事件作为备用
this.MouseDown += OnMouseDown;
this.MouseMove += OnMouseMove;
this.MouseUp += OnMouseUp;

// 启用触笔设备检测
Stylus.IsPressAndHoldEnabled = false;
Stylus.IsFlicksEnabled = false;
Stylus.IsTapFeedbackEnabled = true;
Stylus.IsTouchFeedbackEnabled = true;
}

// 绘图属性
public DrawingAttributes DrawingAttributes
{
get => drawingAttributes;
set => drawingAttributes = value?.Clone() ?? new DrawingAttributes();
}

public StrokeCollection Strokes
{
get => strokes.Clone();
set
{
strokes = value?.Clone() ?? new StrokeCollection();
InvalidateVisual();
}
}

public bool IsPressureSensitive
{
get => isPressureSensitive;
set => isPressureSensitive = value;
}

// 触笔事件处理
private void OnStylusDown(object sender, StylusDownEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine($"触笔按下: ID={e.StylusDevice.Id}, 位置={e.GetPosition(this)}");

// 捕获触笔设备
Stylus.Capture(this);

// 开始新的笔画
currentPoints = new StylusPointCollection();

// 获取第一个点
StylusPoint firstPoint = e.GetStylusPoints(this)[0];
if (isPressureSensitive && firstPoint.PressureFactor > 0)
{
// 调整笔画粗细基于压力
double pressureFactor = firstPoint.PressureFactor;
double baseWidth = drawingAttributes.Width;
double adjustedWidth = baseWidth * (0.5 + pressureFactor * 0.5);

var adjustedAttributes = drawingAttributes.Clone();
adjustedAttributes.Width = adjustedWidth;
adjustedAttributes.Height = adjustedWidth;

currentStroke = new Stroke(currentPoints, adjustedAttributes);
}
else
{
currentStroke = new Stroke(currentPoints, drawingAttributes.Clone());
}

// 添加第一个点
currentPoints.Add(firstPoint);

// 触发压力变化事件
StylusPressureChanged?.Invoke(this, new StylusPressureEventArgs
{
Pressure = firstPoint.PressureFactor,
Position = e.GetPosition(this)
});

e.Handled = true;
}

private void OnStylusMove(object sender, StylusEventArgs e)
{
if (currentStroke == null || currentPoints == null)
return;

// 获取当前触笔点
StylusPointCollection newPoints = e.GetStylusPoints(this);

foreach (StylusPoint point in newPoints)
{
// 添加点到当前笔画
currentPoints.Add(point);

// 更新压力敏感笔画
if (isPressureSensitive && point.PressureFactor > 0)
{
double pressureFactor = point.PressureFactor;
double baseWidth = drawingAttributes.Width;
double adjustedWidth = baseWidth * (0.5 + pressureFactor * 0.5);

// 动态调整笔画粗细
if (Math.Abs(currentStroke.DrawingAttributes.Width – adjustedWidth) > 0.1)
{
var adjustedAttributes = drawingAttributes.Clone();
adjustedAttributes.Width = adjustedWidth;
adjustedAttributes.Height = adjustedWidth;
currentStroke.DrawingAttributes = adjustedAttributes;
}

// 触发压力变化事件
StylusPressureChanged?.Invoke(this, new StylusPressureEventArgs
{
Pressure = point.PressureFactor,
Position = e.GetPosition(this)
});
}
}

// 重绘
InvalidateVisual();

e.Handled = true;
}

private void OnStylusUp(object sender, StylusEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine($"触笔抬起: ID={e.StylusDevice.Id}");