STM32实战：基于LVGL的嵌入式GUI界面开发（智能手表UI）

文章目录

• • 一、开发环境搭建
  • • 1.1 硬件准备
    • 1.2 软件工具
    • 1.3 软件安装步骤
  • 二、STM32CubeMX工程配置
  • • 2.1 新建工程
    • 2.2 核心外设配置
    • • 2.2.1 时钟配置
      • 2.2.2 LCD屏SPI接口配置
      • 2.2.3 触摸芯片I2C配置
      • 2.2.4 定时器配置（LVGL刷新）
      • 2.2.5 NVIC配置
    • 2.3 工程生成
  • 三、LVGL库移植
  • • 3.1 文件复制
    • 3.2 LVGL配置文件修改
    • 3.3 显示驱动移植
    • 3.4 触摸驱动移植
    • 3.5 LVGL时钟节拍配置
  • 四、智能手表UI界面开发
  • • 4.1 整体UI架构
    • 4.2 主界面开发
  • 五、主函数集成
  • 六、工程编译与下载
  • • 6.1 Keil工程配置
    • 6.2 编译工程
    • 6.3 程序下载
  • 七、功能扩展建议
  • • 总结

一、开发环境搭建

1.1 硬件准备

本教程使用的核心硬件清单：

• STM32H743IIT6开发板（也可使用STM32F4/F7系列，步骤通用）
• 1.3英寸IPS LCD屏（240×240分辨率，SPI接口）
• 触摸芯片GT911（I2C接口）
• 串口调试器（用于下载程序和调试）
• MicroUSB数据线
• 5V电源适配器

1.2 软件工具

• STM32CubeMX 6.9.0（用于工程初始化配置）
• MDK-ARM Keil 5.38（代码编译和下载）
• LVGL 8.3.10（嵌入式GUI库）
• FontCreator（字体制作工具，可选）
• ST-Link驱动（程序下载调试）

1.3 软件安装步骤

二、STM32CubeMX工程配置

2.1 新建工程

2.2 核心外设配置

2.2.1 时钟配置

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时钟配置

选择外部晶振HSE=25MHz

配置PLL锁相环

PLL1=400MHz(系统时钟)

PLL2=200MHz(外设时钟)

AHB=400MHz

APB1=100MHz, APB2=200MHz

2.2.2 LCD屏SPI接口配置

2.2.3 触摸芯片I2C配置

2.2.4 定时器配置（LVGL刷新）

2.2.5 NVIC配置

2.3 工程生成

三、LVGL库移植

3.1 文件复制

3.2 LVGL配置文件修改

文件名：lv_conf.h

/**
* @file lv_conf.h
* @brief LVGL配置文件
*/
#ifndef LV_CONF_H
#define LV_CONF_H

#include "stdint.h"

/* 1. 基础配置 */
#define LV_HOR_RES_MAX 240 /* 屏幕水平分辨率 */
#define LV_VER_RES_MAX 240 /* 屏幕垂直分辨率 */
#define LV_COLOR_DEPTH 16 /* 颜色深度16位 */
#define LV_SIZE_MEM (128 * 1024) /* LVGL内存大小128KB */
#define LV_MEM_CUSTOM 0 /* 使用LVGL内置内存管理 */

/* 2. 显示配置 */
#define LV_USE_DISP_DRIVER 1
#define LV_USE_DISP_REFR_TIMER 1

/* 3. 输入设备配置 */
#define LV_USE_INDEV_DRIVER 1
#define LV_USE_INDEV_TOUCHPAD 1

/* 4. 组件使能 */
#define LV_USE_BTN 1
#define LV_USE_LABEL 1
#define LV_USE_SLIDER 1
#define LV_USE_ARC 1
#define LV_USE_CANVAS 1
#define LV_USE_LIST 1
#define LV_USE_CALENDAR 1
#define LV_USE_GAUGE 1

/* 5. 字体配置 */
#define LV_FONT_DEFAULT &lv_font_montserrat_14
#define LV_USE_FONT_MONTSERRAT_12 1
#define LV_USE_FONT_MONTSERRAT_14 1
#define LV_USE_FONT_MONTSERRAT_16 1
#define LV_USE_FONT_MONTSERRAT_20 1
#define LV_USE_FONT_MONTSERRAT_24 1

/* 6. 其他配置 */
#define LV_USE_ANIMATION 1
#define LV_USE_SHADOW 1
#define LV_USE_TRANSITION 1

#endif /* LV_CONF_H */

3.3 显示驱动移植

文件名：lv_port_disp.c

/**
* @file lv_port_disp.c
* @brief LVGL显示驱动移植文件
*/
#include "lv_port_disp.h"
#include "stm32h7xx_hal.h"
#include "spi.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* LCD硬件相关定义 */
#define LCD_CS_PIN GPIO_PIN_10
#define LCD_CS_PORT GPIOA
#define LCD_DC_PIN GPIO_PIN_8
#define LCD_DC_PORT GPIOA
#define LCD_RST_PIN GPIO_PIN_9
#define LCD_RST_PORT GPIOA

/* LCD命令定义 */
#define LCD_CMD_SWRESET 0x01
#define LCD_CMD_SLPIN 0x10
#define LCD_CMD_SLPOUT 0x11
#define LCD_CMD_DISPOFF 0x28
#define LCD_CMD_DISPON 0x29
#define LCD_CMD_CASET 0x2A
#define LCD_CMD_RASET 0x2B
#define LCD_CMD_RAMWR 0x2C

/* 屏幕分辨率 */
#define LCD_WIDTH 240
#define LCD_HEIGHT 240

/* LVGL显示缓冲区 */
static lv_disp_draw_buf_t disp_draw_buf;
static lv_color_t buf1[LCD_WIDTH * 10]; /* 10行缓存 */
static lv_color_t buf2[LCD_WIDTH * 10];

/* 函数声明 */
static void lcd_init(void);
static void lcd_flush(lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, const lv_area_t * area, lv_color_t * color_p);
static void lcd_write_cmd(uint8_t cmd);
static void lcd_write_data(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
static void lcd_set_window(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2);

/**
* @brief LVGL显示端口初始化
*/
void lv_port_disp_init(void)
{
/* 1. LCD硬件初始化 */
lcd_init();

/* 2. 初始化显示缓冲区 */
lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&disp_draw_buf, buf1, buf2, LCD_WIDTH * 10);

/* 3. 配置LVGL显示驱动 */
static lv_disp_drv_t disp_drv;
lv_disp_drv_init(&disp_drv);

/* 设置分辨率 */
disp_drv.hor_res = LCD_WIDTH;
disp_drv.ver_res = LCD_HEIGHT;

/* 设置显示缓冲区 */
disp_drv.draw_buf = &disp_draw_buf;

/* 设置刷新回调函数 */
disp_drv.flush_cb = lcd_flush;

/* 注册显示驱动 */
lv_disp_drv_register(&disp_drv);
}

/**
* @brief LCD硬件初始化
*/
static void lcd_init(void)
{
/* 复位LCD */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_RST_PORT, LCD_RST_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(100);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_RST_PORT, LCD_RST_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_Delay(100);

/* 发送初始化命令 */
lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_SWRESET); /* 软复位 */
HAL_Delay(150);

lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_SLPOUT); /* 退出睡眠模式 */
HAL_Delay(500);

/* 设置颜色模式 */
lcd_write_cmd(0x3A);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){0x05}, 1); /* 16位颜色模式 */

/* 设置显示方向 */
lcd_write_cmd(0x36);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){0xC0}, 1); /* 屏幕旋转180度 */

lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_DISPON); /* 开启显示 */
HAL_Delay(100);
}

/**
* @brief LVGL刷新回调函数
* @param disp_drv 显示驱动结构体
* @param area 刷新区域
* @param color_p 颜色数据指针
*/
static void lcd_flush(lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, const lv_area_t * area, lv_color_t * color_p)
{
/* 设置刷新窗口 */
lcd_set_window(area->x1, area->y1, area->x2, area->y2);

/* 发送颜色数据 */
lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_RAMWR);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t *)color_p, (area->x2 – area->x1 + 1) * (area->y2 – area->y1 + 1) * 2);

/* 通知LVGL刷新完成 */
lv_disp_flush_ready(disp_drv);
}

/**
* @brief 发送LCD命令
* @param cmd 命令字节
*/
static void lcd_write_cmd(uint8_t cmd)
{
/* DC拉低表示发送命令 */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_PORT, LCD_DC_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/* CS拉低选中LCD */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_PORT, LCD_CS_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/* 通过SPI发送命令 */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi5, &cmd, 1, 100);

/* CS拉高取消选中 */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_PORT, LCD_CS_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

/**
* @brief 发送LCD数据
* @param data 数据缓冲区
* @param len 数据长度
*/
static void lcd_write_data(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
{
/* DC拉高表示发送数据 */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_DC_PORT, LCD_DC_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);

/* CS拉低选中LCD */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_PORT, LCD_CS_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);

/* 通过SPI发送数据 */
HAL_SPI_Transmit(&hspi5, data, len, 100);

/* CS拉高取消选中 */
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LCD_CS_PORT, LCD_CS_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
}

/**
* @brief 设置LCD显示窗口
* @param x1 起始X坐标
* @param y1 起始Y坐标
* @param x2 结束X坐标
* @param y2 结束Y坐标
*/
static void lcd_set_window(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2)
{
/* 设置列地址 */
lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_CASET);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){(x1 >> 8) & 0xFF, x1 & 0xFF}, 2);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){(x2 >> 8) & 0xFF, x2 & 0xFF}, 2);

/* 设置行地址 */
lcd_write_cmd(LCD_CMD_RASET);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){(y1 >> 8) & 0xFF, y1 & 0xFF}, 2);
lcd_write_data((uint8_t[]){(y2 >> 8) & 0xFF, y2 & 0xFF}, 2);
}

文件名：lv_port_disp.h

/**
* @file lv_port_disp.h
* @brief LVGL显示驱动移植头文件
*/
#ifndef LV_PORT_DISP_H
#define LV_PORT_DISP_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include "lvgl/lvgl.h"

/**
* @brief LVGL显示端口初始化函数
*/
void lv_port_disp_init(void);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* LV_PORT_DISP_H */

3.4 触摸驱动移植

文件名：lv_port_indev.c

/**
* @file lv_port_indev.c
* @brief LVGL输入设备驱动移植文件
*/
#include "lv_port_indev.h"
#include "stm32h7xx_hal.h"
#include "i2c.h"

/* GT911触摸芯片相关定义 */
#define GT911_I2C_ADDR 0xBA >> 1 /* I2C设备地址 */
#define GT911_REG_STATUS 0x814E /* 状态寄存器 */
#define GT911_REG_X_DATA 0x814F /* X坐标寄存器 */
#define GT911_REG_Y_DATA 0x8151 /* Y坐标寄存器 */
#define GT911_REG_RESET 0x8140 /* 重置寄存器 */

/* 触摸状态 */
static lv_indev_state_t touch_state = LV_INDEV_STATE_REL;
static lv_coord_t touch_x = 0;
static lv_coord_t touch_y = 0;

/* 函数声明 */
static void touchpad_init(void);
static void touchpad_read(lv_indev_drv_t * indev_drv, lv_indev_data_t * data);
static uint8_t gt911_read_reg(uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);
static uint8_t gt911_write_reg(uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len);

/**
* @brief LVGL输入设备端口初始化
*/
void lv_port_indev_init(void)
{
/* 1. 触摸芯片初始化 */
touchpad_init();

/* 2. 配置LVGL输入设备驱动 */
static lv_indev_drv_t indev_drv;
lv_indev_drv_init(&indev_drv);

/* 设置输入设备类型为触摸板 */
indev_drv.type = LV_INDEV_TYPE_POINTER;

/* 设置读取回调函数 */
indev_drv.read_cb = touchpad_read;

/* 注册输入设备驱动 */
lv_indev_drv_register(&indev_drv);
}

/**
* @brief 触摸芯片初始化
*/
static void touchpad_init(void)
{
uint8_t reset_data = 0x00;

/* 重置触摸芯片 */
gt911_write_reg(GT911_REG_RESET, &reset_data, 1);
HAL_Delay(100);
}

/**
* @brief 触摸数据读取回调函数
* @param indev_drv 输入设备驱动结构体
* @param data 输入设备数据结构体
*/
static void touchpad_read(lv_indev_drv_t * indev_drv, lv_indev_data_t * data)
{
uint8_t touch_data[4] = {0};
uint8_t touch_status = 0;

/* 读取触摸状态 */
gt911_read_reg(GT911_REG_STATUS, &touch_status, 1);

if(touch_status & 0x01) /* 有触摸 */
{
/* 读取触摸坐标 */
gt911_read_reg(GT911_REG_X_DATA, touch_data, 4);

/* 转换坐标（适配屏幕旋转） */
touch_x = ((touch_data[1] << 8) | touch_data[0]);
touch_y = ((touch_data[3] << 8) | touch_data[2]);

/* 坐标校准（根据实际硬件调整） */
touch_x = 240 – touch_x;
touch_y = 240 – touch_y;

touch_state = LV_INDEV_STATE_PR;
}
else /* 无触摸 */
{
touch_state = LV_INDEV_STATE_REL;
}

/* 设置触摸数据 */
data->state = touch_state;
data->point.x = touch_x;
data->point.y = touch_y;
}

/**
* @brief 读取GT911寄存器
* @param reg_addr 寄存器地址
* @param data 数据缓冲区
* @param len 数据长度
* @return 0-成功，其他-失败
*/
static uint8_t gt911_read_reg(uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
{
uint8_t addr_buf[2] = {0};

/* 寄存器地址转换为大端模式 */
addr_buf[0] = (reg_addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
addr_buf[1] = reg_addr & 0xFF;

/* 发送寄存器地址 */
if(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, GT911_I2C_ADDR, addr_buf, 2, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
return 1;
}

/* 读取寄存器数据 */
if(HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, GT911_I2C_ADDR, data, len, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
return 2;
}

return 0;
}

/**
* @brief 写入GT911寄存器
* @param reg_addr 寄存器地址
* @param data 数据缓冲区
* @param len 数据长度
* @return 0-成功，其他-失败
*/
static uint8_t gt911_write_reg(uint16_t reg_addr, uint8_t *data, uint16_t len)
{
uint8_t tx_buf[16] = {0};
uint16_t i = 0;

/* 寄存器地址转换为大端模式 */
tx_buf[0] = (reg_addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
tx_buf[1] = reg_addr & 0xFF;

/* 复制数据到发送缓冲区 */
for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
tx_buf[2 + i] = data[i];
}

/* 发送数据 */
if(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, GT911_I2C_ADDR, tx_buf, len + 2, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
return 1;
}

return 0;
}

文件名：lv_port_indev.h

/**
* @file lv_port_indev.h
* @brief LVGL输入设备驱动移植头文件
*/
#ifndef LV_PORT_INDEV_H
#define LV_PORT_INDEV_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include "lvgl/lvgl.h"

/**
* @brief LVGL输入设备端口初始化函数
*/
void lv_port_indev_init(void);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* LV_PORT_INDEV_H */

3.5 LVGL时钟节拍配置

文件名：tim.c（在CubeMX生成的基础上修改）

/**
* @file tim.c
* @brief 定时器驱动文件（添加LVGL时钟节拍）
*/
#include "tim.h"
#include "lvgl/lvgl.h"

/* TIM6 init function */
void MX_TIM6_Init(void)
{
TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};

htim6.Instance = TIM6;
htim6.Init.Prescaler = 399; /* 400MHz / 400 = 1MHz */
htim6.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
htim6.Init.Period = 10; /* 10us中断一次 */
htim6.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim6) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim6, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}

/* 启用定时器中断 */
HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim6);
}

void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
if(htim->Instance == TIM6)
{
/* LVGL时钟节拍处理 */
lv_tick_inc(1); /* 1ms（注意：实际是10us，这里为了简化，每100次中断才加1ms） */
}
}

四、智能手表UI界面开发

4.1 整体UI架构

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智能手表UI

主界面

功能菜单

设置界面

健康监测

通知中心

时间显示

日期显示

电量显示

快捷功能入口

计步器

心率监测

闹钟设置

天气显示

亮度调节

时间设置

语言设置

恢复出厂设置

实时心率

运动数据

睡眠监测

短信通知

来电提醒

应用通知

4.2 主界面开发

文件名：watch_ui.c

/**
* @file watch_ui.c
* @brief 智能手表UI界面实现
*/
#include "watch_ui.h"
#include "lvgl/lvgl.h"
#include "lv_port_disp.h"
#include "lv_port_indev.h"
#include "rtc.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

/* 全局变量 */
static lv_obj_t *screen_main; /* 主屏幕 */
static lv_obj_t *label_time; /* 时间标签 */
static lv_obj_t *label_date; /* 日期标签 */
static lv_obj_t *label_battery; /* 电量标签 */
static lv_obj_t *btn_menu; /* 菜单按钮 */
static lv_obj_t *screen_menu; /* 菜单屏幕 */

/* 月份名称 */
static const char *month_names[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun",
"Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
/* 星期名称 */
static const char *week_names[] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};

/* 函数声明 */
static void ui_create_main_screen(void);
static void ui_create_menu_screen(void);
static void btn_menu_click_cb(lv_event_t *e);
static void update_time_date(void);
static void update_battery_info(void);

/**
* @brief 智能手表UI初始化
*/
void watch_ui_init(void)
{
/* 初始化LVGL */
lv_init();

/* 初始化显示驱动 */
lv_port_disp_init();

/* 初始化输入设备驱动 */
lv_port_indev_init();

/* 创建主界面 */
ui_create_main_screen();

/* 创建菜单界面 */
ui_create_menu_screen();

/* 设置默认显示主界面 */
lv_scr_load(screen_main);

/* 初始化时间显示 */
update_time_date();

/* 初始化电量显示 */
update_battery_info();
}

/**
* @brief UI主循环（需要在main函数中循环调用）
*/
void watch_ui_task(void)
{
static uint32_t last_time = 0;
uint32_t current_time = HAL_GetTick();

/* 每500ms更新一次时间 */
if(current_time – last_time >= 500)
{
update_time_date();
last_time = current_time;
}

/* LVGL任务处理 */
lv_task_handler();

/* 短延时 */
HAL_Delay(5);
}

/**
* @brief 创建主界面
*/
static void ui_create_main_screen(void)
{
/* 创建主屏幕 */
screen_main = lv_obj_create(NULL);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(screen_main, lv_color_hex(0x121212), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_size(screen_main, LV_HOR_RES_MAX, LV_VER_RES_MAX);

/* 创建时间显示标签 */
label_time = lv_label_create(screen_main);
lv_label_set_text(label_time, "12:00");
lv_obj_set_style_text_font(label_time, &lv_font_montserrat_24, LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_time, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_align(label_time, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, –30);

/* 创建日期显示标签 */
label_date = lv_label_create(screen_main);
lv_label_set_text(label_date, "Mon, Jan 01, 2026");
lv_obj_set_style_text_font(label_date, &lv_font_montserrat_14, LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_date, lv_color_hex(0x9E9E9E), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_align(label_date, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 0);

/* 创建电量显示标签 */
label_battery = lv_label_create(screen_main);
lv_label_set_text(label_battery, "Battery: 98%");
lv_obj_set_style_text_font(label_battery, &lv_font_montserrat_12, LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_battery, lv_color_hex(0x4CAF50), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_align(label_battery, LV_ALIGN_TOP_RIGHT, –10, 10);

/* 创建菜单按钮 */
btn_menu = lv_btn_create(screen_main);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_menu, 50, 50);
lv_obj_align(btn_menu, LV_ALIGN_BOTTOM_RIGHT, –10, –10);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_menu, lv_color_hex(0xFF9800), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_radius(btn_menu, 25, LV_PART_MAIN); /* 圆形按钮 */

/* 添加按钮点击事件 */
lv_obj_add_event_cb(btn_menu, btn_menu_click_cb, LV_EVENT_CLICKED, NULL);

/* 在按钮上添加图标（使用文本替代） */
lv_obj_t *label_menu = lv_label_create(btn_menu);
lv_label_set_text(label_menu, "☰");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_menu, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_menu);
}

/**
* @brief 创建菜单界面
*/
static void ui_create_menu_screen(void)
{
/* 创建菜单屏幕 */
screen_menu = lv_obj_create(NULL);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(screen_menu, lv_color_hex(0x1E1E1E), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_size(screen_menu, LV_HOR_RES_MAX, LV_VER_RES_MAX);

/* 创建返回按钮 */
lv_obj_t *btn_back = lv_btn_create(screen_menu);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_back, 40, 40);
lv_obj_align(btn_back, LV_ALIGN_TOP_LEFT, 10, 10);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_back, lv_color_hex(0xFF5722), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_radius(btn_back, 20, LV_PART_MAIN);

/* 返回按钮点击事件 */
lv_obj_add_event_cb(btn_back, btn_menu_click_cb, LV_EVENT_CLICKED, NULL);

/* 返回按钮文本 */
lv_obj_t *label_back = lv_label_create(btn_back);
lv_label_set_text(label_back, "←");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_back, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_back);

/* 创建菜单标题 */
lv_obj_t *label_title = lv_label_create(screen_menu);
lv_label_set_text(label_title, "Function Menu");
lv_obj_set_style_text_font(label_title, &lv_font_montserrat_16, LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_title, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_align(label_title, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 15);

/* 创建功能按钮 – 计步器 */
lv_obj_t *btn_pedometer = lv_btn_create(screen_menu);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_pedometer, 200, 40);
lv_obj_align(btn_pedometer, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 60);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_pedometer, lv_color_hex(0x2196F3), LV_PART_MAIN);

lv_obj_t *label_pedometer = lv_label_create(btn_pedometer);
lv_label_set_text(label_pedometer, "Pedometer");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_pedometer, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_pedometer);

/* 创建功能按钮 – 心率监测 */
lv_obj_t *btn_heartrate = lv_btn_create(screen_menu);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_heartrate, 200, 40);
lv_obj_align(btn_heartrate, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 110);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_heartrate, lv_color_hex(0xF44336), LV_PART_MAIN);

lv_obj_t *label_heartrate = lv_label_create(btn_heartrate);
lv_label_set_text(label_heartrate, "Heart Rate");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_heartrate, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_heartrate);

/* 创建功能按钮 – 闹钟设置 */
lv_obj_t *btn_alarm = lv_btn_create(screen_menu);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_alarm, 200, 40);
lv_obj_align(btn_alarm, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 160);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_alarm, lv_color_hex(0x4CAF50), LV_PART_MAIN);

lv_obj_t *label_alarm = lv_label_create(btn_alarm);
lv_label_set_text(label_alarm, "Alarm Clock");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_alarm, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_alarm);

/* 创建功能按钮 – 设置 */
lv_obj_t *btn_settings = lv_btn_create(screen_menu);
lv_obj_set_size(btn_settings, 200, 40);
lv_obj_align(btn_settings, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 210);
lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn_settings, lv_color_hex(0x9C27B0), LV_PART_MAIN);

lv_obj_t *label_settings = lv_label_create(btn_settings);
lv_label_set_text(label_settings, "Settings");
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_settings, lv_color_white(), LV_PART_MAIN);
lv_obj_center(label_settings);
}

/**
* @brief 菜单按钮点击回调函数
* @param e 事件结构体
*/
static void btn_menu_click_cb(lv_event_t *e)
{
lv_obj_t *target = lv_event_get_target(e);

/* 如果当前显示的是主界面，则切换到菜单界面 */
if(lv_scr_act() == screen_main)
{
lv_scr_load(screen_menu);
}
else /* 否则切换回主界面 */
{
lv_scr_load(screen_main);
}
}

/**
* @brief 更新时间和日期显示
*/
static void update_time_date(void)
{
RTC_TimeTypeDef sTime = {0};
RTC_DateTypeDef sDate = {0};
char time_buf[32] = {0};
char date_buf[64] = {0};

/* 读取RTC时间和日期（这里使用模拟数据，实际项目中需要初始化RTC） */
// HAL_RTC_GetTime(&hrtc, &sTime, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);
// HAL_RTC_GetDate(&hrtc, &sDate, RTC_FORMAT_BIN);

/* 模拟时间数据 */
sTime.Hours = 12;
sTime.Minutes = 30;
sTime.Seconds = 45;

sDate.WeekDay = 2;
sDate.Month = 3;
sDate.Date = 14;
sDate.Year = 26;

/* 格式化时间字符串 */
sprintf(time_buf, "%02d:%02d", sTime.Hours, sTime.Minutes);

/* 格式化日期字符串 */
sprintf(date_buf, "%s, %s %02d, 20%02d",
week_names[sDate.WeekDay],
month_names[sDate.Month – 1],
sDate.Date,
sDate.Year);

/* 更新标签文本 */
lv_label_set_text(label_time, time_buf);
lv_label_set_text(label_date, date_buf);

/* 重新对齐标签（确保居中） */
lv_obj_align(label_time, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, –30);
lv_obj_align(label_date, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 0);
}

/**
* @brief 更新电量信息显示
*/
static void update_battery_info(void)
{
char battery_buf[32] = {0};
static uint8_t battery_level = 98;

/* 模拟电量数据（实际项目中需要读取ADC） */
battery_level = (battery_level > 0) ? battery_level : 100;

/* 格式化电量字符串 */
sprintf(battery_buf, "Battery: %d%%", battery_level);

/* 更新电量标签 */
lv_label_set_text(label_battery, battery_buf);

/* 根据电量设置不同的颜色 */
if(battery_level > 70)
{
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_battery, lv_color_hex(0x4CAF50), LV_PART_MAIN);
}
else if(battery_level > 30)
{
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_battery, lv_color_hex(0xFFC107), LV_PART_MAIN);
}
else
{
lv_obj_set_style_text_color(label_battery, lv_color_hex(0xF44336), LV_PART_MAIN);
}

/* 电量递减（模拟消耗） */
battery_level—;
}

文件名：watch_ui.h

/**
* @file watch_ui.h
* @brief 智能手表UI界面头文件
*/
#ifndef WATCH_UI_H
#define WATCH_UI_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include "lvgl/lvgl.h"

/**
* @brief 智能手表UI初始化函数
*/
void watch_ui_init(void);

/**
* @brief UI主循环处理函数
*/
void watch_ui_task(void);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* WATCH_UI_H */

五、主函数集成

文件名：main.c

/**
* @file main.c
* @brief 主函数文件
*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "spi.h"
#include "i2c.h"
#include "gpio.h"
#include "watch_ui.h"

/* 函数声明 */
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);

/**
* @brief 主函数
* @retval int
*/
int main(void)
{
/* 初始化HAL库 */
HAL_Init();

/* 配置系统时钟 */
SystemClock_Config();

/* 初始化外设 */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_SPI5_Init();
MX_I2C1_Init();
MX_TIM6_Init();

/* 初始化智能手表UI */
watch_ui_init();

/* 主循环 */
while (1)
{
/* UI任务处理 */
watch_ui_task();
}
}

/**
* @brief 系统时钟配置函数
* @retval None
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/* 配置电源电压缩放 */
HAL_PWREx_ConfigSupply(PWR_LDO_SUPPLY);
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE0);

while(!__HAL_PWR_GET_FLAG(PWR_FLAG_VOSRDY)) {}

/* 配置HSE */
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 5;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 160;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = 2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = 2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLRGE = RCC_PLL1VCIRANGE_2;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLVCOSEL = RCC_PLL1VCOWIDE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLFRACN = 0;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}

/* 配置系统时钟 */
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_D3PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_D1PCLK1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB3CLKDivider = RCC_APB3_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_APB1_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_APB2_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB4CLKDivider = RCC_APB4_DIV2;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}

/**
* @brief 错误处理函数
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* 关闭中断 */
__disable_irq();

while (1)
{
/* 错误指示灯闪烁 */
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_5);
HAL_Delay(500);
}
}

#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief 断言失败处理函数
* @param file 文件名
* @param line 行号
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
/* 用户可以添加自定义的断言失败处理逻辑 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

六、工程编译与下载

6.1 Keil工程配置

6.2 编译工程

6.3 程序下载

七、功能扩展建议

总结