软件工程：软件生存周期

📌目录

• ⚖️ 软件生存周期：从概念到退役的全过程管理
• • 🎯 一、软件生存周期概述
  • • （一）软件生存周期的定义
    • （二）软件生存周期的基本活动
    • （三）软件生存周期的阶段划分
  • 📦 二、软件生存周期各阶段详解
  • • （一）可行性研究
    • （二）需求分析
    • （三）软件设计
    • （四）编码
    • （五）测试
    • （六）交付与维护
  • 🌐 三、软件生存周期模型
  • • （一）瀑布模型
    • （二）增量模型
    • （三）螺旋模型
    • （四）敏捷模型
    • （五）模型对比
  • 📊 四、软件生存周期的管理
  • • （一）阶段管理
    • （二）里程碑管理
    • （三）质量管理
  • 📝 总结

⚖️ 软件生存周期：从概念到退役的全过程管理

软件生存周期（Software Life Cycle）是指软件从概念提出到最终退役的整个过程。理解软件生存周期是软件工程的基础，它为软件开发提供了系统化的框架和方法。本文将详细介绍软件生存周期的各个阶段、任务、产出以及不同的生存周期模型。

🎯 一、软件生存周期概述

（一）软件生存周期的定义

软件生存周期（Software Life Cycle） 是指软件产品从概念提出、开发、使用、维护直到最终退役的整个过程。

生存周期概念图：

#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .label text,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node rect,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node circle,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node .label,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-cHmRsF1bkL1SkrOS :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

概念提出

可行性研究

需求分析

设计

编码

测试

交付使用

维护

退役

生存周期的意义：

（二）软件生存周期的基本活动

软件生存周期包含三类基本活动。

基本活动：

#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .label text,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node rect,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node circle,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node .label,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-6gZsmZwx9Unaq5dk :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

软件生存周期活动

基本活动

支持活动

管理活动

需求分析

设计

编码

测试

文档管理

配置管理

质量保证

项目管理

风险管理

过程管理

活动说明：

（三）软件生存周期的阶段划分

软件生存周期通常划分为多个阶段。

阶段划分：

#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .label text,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node rect,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node circle,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node .label,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-xgvDsmgGPhsu9f6I :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

软件生存周期

软件定义期

软件开发期

软件运行期

可行性研究

需求分析

概要设计

详细设计

编码

测试

交付使用

运行维护

退役

阶段说明：

📦 二、软件生存周期各阶段详解

（一）可行性研究

可行性研究是软件生存周期的第一个阶段，目的是确定项目是否值得开发。

可行性研究流程：

#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .label text,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node rect,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node circle,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node .label,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-4zTUpiwwY6rXsLQr :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

问题定义

初步调查

可行性分析

是否可行?

编写可行性报告

项目终止

项目立项

可行性分析内容：

可行性研究产出：

（二）需求分析

需求分析是确定系统"做什么"的阶段。

需求分析流程：

#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .label text,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-xSUscdIzGQj1zoB1 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

需求获取

需求分析

需求规格说明

需求验证

需求正确?

需求确认

需求分析任务：

需求分析产出：

需求分析示例：

#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .label text,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-6IyIQriTnesyq454 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

用户

登录

浏览商品

下单购买

支付

查看订单

系统

（三）软件设计

软件设计是确定系统"怎么做"的阶段，分为概要设计和详细设计。

设计阶段流程：

#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .label text,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node rect,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node circle,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node .label,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-avFVoPCmS5qbcBkJ :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

需求规格

概要设计

详细设计

设计评审

设计合格?

设计完成

概要设计：

详细设计：

设计产出：

设计示例：

#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .label text,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node rect,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node circle,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node .label,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-yC5O6EtEisHagpNm :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

电商系统

用户模块

商品模块

订单模块

支付模块

登录

注册

个人信息

商品浏览

商品搜索

商品详情

购物车

下单

订单查询

支付

退款

（四）编码

编码是将设计转换为程序代码的阶段。

编码流程：

#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .label text,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node rect,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node circle,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node .label,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-UADFxnYGud9wUErn :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

详细设计

编码准备

编写代码

代码审查

单元测试

测试通过?

编码完成

编码任务：

编码原则：

编码产出：

（五）测试

测试是验证软件质量的关键阶段。

测试流程：

#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .label text,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node rect,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node circle,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node .label,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-rfdotd2ClZTIVlRQ :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

测试计划

测试设计

测试执行

缺陷报告

缺陷修复

回归测试

测试通过?

测试完成

测试层次：

测试类型：

测试产出：

（六）交付与维护

交付与维护是软件生存周期最长的阶段。

交付流程：

#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .label text,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-bPLmv9xKpN377Ns9 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

测试完成

部署准备

系统部署

用户培训

试运行

运行正常?

正式上线

维护类型：

维护活动：

#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .label text,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node rect,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node circle,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node .label,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-KoLgNZymMyoaCpxN :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

问题报告

问题分析

修改设计

修改代码

测试验证

发布更新

维护产出：

🌐 三、软件生存周期模型

（一）瀑布模型

瀑布模型是最经典的生存周期模型。

瀑布模型：

#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .label text,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-UX8DVJl5b4MAHra6 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

反馈

反馈

反馈

反馈

需求分析

设计

编码

测试

维护

瀑布模型特点：

瀑布模型优缺点：

适用场景：

（二）增量模型

增量模型是分批交付的模型。

增量模型：

#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .label text,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-ajTD8kg7EyvV0V68 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

需求分析

总体设计

增量1开发

增量1交付

增量2开发

增量2交付

…

增量N交付

增量模型特点：

增量模型优缺点：

适用场景：

（三）螺旋模型

螺旋模型是风险驱动的模型。

螺旋模型：

#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .label text,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-qHcPAtGqJ4oTh1z9 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

否

是

制定计划

风险分析

开发实施

客户评估

项目完成?

项目结束

螺旋模型特点：

螺旋模型优缺点：

适用场景：

（四）敏捷模型

敏捷模型是快速迭代的模型。

敏捷模型：

#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .label text,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node rect,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node circle,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node .label,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-kZEyViWUGFdl9qDx :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

否

是

需求

计划

设计

开发

测试

交付

完成?

项目结束

敏捷模型特点：

敏捷模型优缺点：

适用场景：

（五）模型对比

模型对比表：

模型选择：

#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .label text,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node rect,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node circle,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node .label,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-64MYkSQORg4goSni :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

是

否

是

否

项目启动

需求明确?

风险高?

敏捷模型

螺旋模型

需要早期交付?

增量模型

瀑布模型

📊 四、软件生存周期的管理

（一）阶段管理

阶段管理要点：

（二）里程碑管理

里程碑设置：

#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .label text,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node rect,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node circle,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node .label,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-8XIl9xaHz6dCM52w :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

M1需求确认

M2设计完成

M3编码完成

M4测试完成

M5交付上线

里程碑检查点：

（三）质量管理

质量保证活动：

#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .label text,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node rect,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node circle,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node .label,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-kK6aDcCEmLblVpZ7 :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

质量计划

质量控制

质量保证

质量改进

质量活动：

📝 总结

软件生存周期是软件从概念到退役的全过程管理框架。

🎯 基本概念：软件生存周期包括软件定义期、开发期和运行期；包含基本活动、支持活动和管理活动；为软件开发提供结构化的过程框架。

📦 各阶段任务：可行性研究确定项目可行性；需求分析确定系统需求；设计确定系统架构和详细设计；编码实现程序功能；测试验证软件质量；交付和维护保证系统持续运行。

🌐 生存周期模型：瀑布模型适合需求明确的项目；增量模型适合需要早期交付的项目；螺旋模型适合高风险项目；敏捷模型适合需求变化的项目。

💡 管理要点：需要设置明确的里程碑；需要进行全程质量管理；需要根据项目特点选择合适的模型。

核心启示：软件生存周期是软件工程的骨架，它为软件开发提供了系统化的框架。从可行性研究到退役，每个阶段都有其特定的任务和目标。选择合适的生存周期模型是项目成功的关键：需求明确选瀑布，需要早期交付选增量，高风险选螺旋，需求变化选敏捷。无论选择哪种模型，都需要严格的过程管理和质量控制。理解软件生存周期，不仅是学习软件工程的基础，更是实践软件开发的指南。在实际项目中，我们往往需要根据项目特点，灵活运用不同的模型，甚至组合使用多种模型，以达到最佳效果。