鸿蒙多功能工具箱开发实战(三十)-推送通知与消息处理

鸿蒙多功能工具箱开发实战(三十)-推送通知与消息处理

前言

推送通知是保持用户活跃度的重要手段。本文将讲解HarmonyOS应用的推送通知实现和消息处理机制。

一、通知基础

1.1 通知权限配置

在 module.json5 中添加权限：

{
"module": {
"requestPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.NOTIFICATION_CONTROLLER"
}
]
}
}

1.2 通知服务封装

import notification from '@ohos.notification'
import notificationManager from '@ohos.notificationManager'
import wantAgent from '@ohos.app.ability.wantAgent'

export class NotificationService {
private static instance: NotificationService

private constructor() {}

static getInstance(): NotificationService {
if (!NotificationService.instance) {
NotificationService.instance = new NotificationService()
}
return NotificationService.instance
}

/**
* 发送本地通知
*/
async showNotification(params: {
title: string
content: string
icon?: Resource
clickAction?: () => void
}): Promise<void> {
// 创建WantAgent用于点击跳转
let wantAgentInfo: wantAgent.WantAgentInfo = {
wants: [
{
bundleName: 'com.example.harmonytoolbox',
abilityName: 'EntryAbility'
}
],
requestCode: 0,
operationType: wantAgent.OperationType.START_ABILITY,
wantAgentFlags: [wantAgent.WantAgentFlags.UPDATE_PRESENT_FLAG]
}

const agent = await wantAgent.getWantAgent(wantAgentInfo)

// 构建通知内容
const notificationRequest: notification.NotificationRequest = {
id: Date.now(),
content: {
contentType: notification.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_BASIC_TEXT,
normal: {
title: params.title,
text: params.content
}
},
wantAgent: agent
}

// 发布通知
await notificationManager.publish(notificationRequest)
}

/**
* 发送带图片的通知
*/
async showImageNotification(params: {
title: string
content: string
image: Resource
}): Promise<void> {
const notificationRequest: notification.NotificationRequest = {
id: Date.now(),
content: {
contentType: notification.ContentType.NOTIFICATION_CONTENT_PICTURE,
picture: {
title: params.title,
text: params.content,
picture: params.image
}
}
}

await notificationManager.publish(notificationRequest)
}

/**
* 取消通知
*/
async cancel(notificationId: number): Promise<void> {
await notificationManager.cancel(notificationId)
}

/**
* 取消所有通知
*/
async cancelAll(): Promise<void> {
await notificationManager.cancelAll()
}
}

二、定时通知

2.1 定时提醒

import reminderAgentManager from '@ohos.reminderAgentManager'

export class ReminderService {
/**
* 设置每日提醒
*/
static async setDailyReminder(params: {
hour: number
minute: number
title: string
content: string
}): Promise<number> {
const reminderRequest: reminderAgentManager.ReminderRequestCalendar = {
reminderType: reminderAgentManager.ReminderType.REMINDER_TYPE_CALENDAR,
dateTime: {
year: 0, // 0表示重复
month: 0,
day: 0,
hour: params.hour,
minute: params.minute
},
repeatMonths: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12],
repeatDays: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], // 每天重复
title: params.title,
content: params.content
}

return await reminderAgentManager.publishReminder(reminderRequest)
}

/**
* 设置一次性提醒
*/
static async setOneTimeReminder(params: {
timestamp: number
title: string
content: string
}): Promise<number> {
const date = new Date(params.timestamp)

const reminderRequest: reminderAgentManager.ReminderRequestCalendar = {
reminderType: reminderAgentManager.ReminderType.REMINDER_TYPE_CALENDAR,
dateTime: {
year: date.getFullYear(),
month: date.getMonth() + 1,
day: date.getDate(),
hour: date.getHours(),
minute: date.getMinutes()
},
title: params.title,
content: params.content
}

return await reminderAgentManager.publishReminder(reminderRequest)
}

/**
* 取消提醒
*/
static async cancelReminder(reminderId: number): Promise<void> {
await reminderAgentManager.cancelReminder(reminderId)
}

/**
* 获取所有有效提醒
*/
static async getAllValidReminders(): Promise<Array<reminderAgentManager.ReminderRequest>> {
return await reminderAgentManager.getValidReminders()
}
}

三、推送消息处理

3.1 推送消息接收

import pushService from '@ohos.pushService'

export class PushMessageHandler {
private static instance: PushMessageHandler

static getInstance(): PushMessageHandler {
if (!PushMessageHandler.instance) {
PushMessageHandler.instance = new PushMessageHandler()
}
return PushMessageHandler.instance
}

/**
* 初始化推送
*/
async init(): Promise<void> {
// 注册推送服务
await this.registerPush()

// 监听推送消息
this.listenPushMessage()
}

/**
* 注册推送
*/
private async registerPush(): Promise<string> {
try {
const pushToken = await pushService.getToken()
console.info('Push token:', pushToken)

// 上报token到服务器
await this.reportToken(pushToken)

return pushToken
} catch (e) {
console.error('Register push failed:', e)
throw e
}
}

/**
* 监听推送消息
*/
private listenPushMessage(): void {
pushService.on('pushMessage', (message) => {
this.handlePushMessage(message)
})
}

/**
* 处理推送消息
*/
private handlePushMessage(message: any): void {
console.info('Received push message:', message)

// 解析消息内容
const { type, data } = message

switch (type) {
case 'notification':
this.showNotificationFromPush(data)
break
case 'update':
this.handleUpdateMessage(data)
break
case 'promotion':
this.handlePromotionMessage(data)
break
default:
console.warn('Unknown message type:', type)
}
}

private async showNotificationFromPush(data: any): Promise<void> {
await NotificationService.getInstance().showNotification({
title: data.title,
content: data.content
})
}

private handleUpdateMessage(data: any): void {
// 处理更新消息
}

private handlePromotionMessage(data: any): void {
// 处理推广消息
}

private async reportToken(token: string): Promise<void> {
const http = HttpService.getInstance()
await http.post('https://api.example.com/push/register', { token })
}
}

3.2 消息分类处理

export interface PushMessage {
id: string
type: 'notification' | 'update' | 'promotion' | 'system'
title: string
content: string
data?: Record<string, any>
timestamp: number
read: boolean
}

export class MessageManager {
private static messages: PushMessage[] = []

/**
* 添加消息
*/
static addMessage(message: PushMessage): void {
this.messages.unshift(message)
this.saveMessages()
}

/**
* 获取消息列表
*/
static getMessages(type?: string): PushMessage[] {
if (type) {
return this.messages.filter(m => m.type === type)
}
return this.messages
}

/**
* 获取未读数量
*/
static getUnreadCount(): number {
return this.messages.filter(m => !m.read).length
}

/**
* 标记已读
*/
static markAsRead(messageId: string): void {
const message = this.messages.find(m => m.id === messageId)
if (message) {
message.read = true
this.saveMessages()
}
}

/**
* 全部标记已读
*/
static markAllAsRead(): void {
this.messages.forEach(m => m.read = true)
this.saveMessages()
}

/**
* 删除消息
*/
static deleteMessage(messageId: string): void {
this.messages = this.messages.filter(m => m.id !== messageId)
this.saveMessages()
}

private static async saveMessages(): Promise<void> {
const prefs = await PreferencesService.getInstance()
await prefs.put('push_messages', JSON.stringify(this.messages))
}

static async loadMessages(): Promise<void> {
const prefs = await PreferencesService.getInstance()
const data = await prefs.get('push_messages', '[]') as string
this.messages = JSON.parse(data)
}
}

四、消息中心界面

@Entry
@Component
struct MessageCenterPage {
@State messages: PushMessage[] = []
@State currentType: string = 'all'

async aboutToAppear() {
await MessageManager.loadMessages()
this.messages = MessageManager.getMessages()
}

build() {
Column() {
NavBar({ title: '消息中心' })

// 类型筛选
Row() {
this.TypeTab('全部', 'all')
this.TypeTab('通知', 'notification')
this.TypeTab('系统', 'system')
}
.width('100%')
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)

// 消息列表
List() {
ForEach(this.getFilteredMessages(), (message: PushMessage) => {
ListItem() {
this.MessageItem(message)
}
})
}
.width('100%')
.layoutWeight(1)
}
}

@Builder
TypeTab(label: string, type: string) {
Text(label)
.fontSize(14)
.fontColor(this.currentType === type ? '#4A90E2' : '#999999')
.onClick(() => {
this.currentType = type
})
}

@Builder
MessageItem(message: PushMessage) {
Row() {
// 未读标记
if (!message.read) {
Circle()
.width(8)
.height(8)
.fill('#E74C3C')
}

Column() {
Text(message.title)
.fontSize(16)
.fontWeight(message.read ? FontWeight.Normal : FontWeight.Bold)

Text(message.content)
.fontSize(12)
.fontColor('#999999')
.margin({ top: 4 })
.maxLines(2)

Text(this.formatTime(message.timestamp))
.fontSize(10)
.fontColor('#CCCCCC')
.margin({ top: 4 })
}
.layoutWeight(1)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.margin({ left: 8 })
}
.width('100%')
.padding(16)
.onClick(() => {
MessageManager.markAsRead(message.id)
this.messages = […MessageManager.getMessages()]
})
}

private getFilteredMessages(): PushMessage[] {
if (this.currentType === 'all') {
return this.messages
}
return this.messages.filter(m => m.type === this.currentType)
}

private formatTime(timestamp: number): string {
const date = new Date(timestamp)
return `${date.getMonth() + 1}/${date.getDate()} ${date.getHours()}:${date.getMinutes()}`
}
}

五、高级推送功能

5.1 推送流程图

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是

否

服务端推送

Push Kit接收

应用处理

应用在前台?

直接显示

系统通知

用户交互

5.2 富媒体通知

class RichNotification {
static async show(data: RichNotificationData) {
await notificationManager.publish({
id: data.id,
title: data.title,
text: data.text,
largeIcon: data.image, // 大图
additionalText: data.summary
})
}
}

5.3 通知渠道

// 创建通知渠道
async function createChannel() {
await notificationManager.addSlot({
type: notificationManager.SlotType.SOCIAL_COMMUNICATION,
level: notificationManager.SlotLevel.LEVEL_HIGH,
desc: '重要消息通知'
})
}

图 1 实时金价页面订阅提醒

六、小结

本文详细讲解了推送通知：

系列文章导航：
下期预告：鸿蒙多功能工具箱开发实战(三十一)-小组件开发