K6+Prometheus+Grafana 监控面板配置

作为资深性能测试专家，可直接落地的 K6+Prometheus+Grafana 监控面板配置、支付系统性能测试报告模板，以及重复支付/资损等异常场景的 K6 专项测试脚本——所有内容均针对支付系统的核心风险点设计，可直接复用。

一、K6+Prometheus+Grafana 监控面板配置

1. 前置配置（Prometheus + K6 对接）

（1）Prometheus 配置文件（prometheus.yml）

global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
# 采集K6指标
– job_name: 'k6'
static_configs:
– targets: ['k6-agent-ip:6565'] # K6压测机IP/端口

# 采集应用/数据库/Redis指标（可选，用于全链路监控）
– job_name: 'pay-application'
static_configs:
– targets: ['pay-api-ip:9090']
– job_name: 'mysql-exporter'
static_configs:
– targets: ['mysql-exporter-ip:9104']
– job_name: 'redis-exporter'
static_configs:
– targets: ['redis-exporter-ip:9121']

（2）K6 启动命令（对接Prometheus）

k6 run –out prometheus-remote=http://prometheus-ip:9090/api/v1/write pay_perf_test.js

2. Grafana 面板 JSON 配置（支付系统专属）

以下是适配支付系统的 Grafana 面板核心配置（可直接导入 Grafana），覆盖 K6 压测指标、应用指标、数据库/缓存指标：

{
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"builtIn": 1,
"datasource": "– Grafana –",
"enable": true,
"hide": true,
"iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
"name": "Annotations & Alerts",
"type": "dashboard"
}
]
},
"editable": true,
"fiscalYearStartMonth": 0,
"graphTooltip": 0,
"id": 1,
"links": [],
"liveNow": false,
"panels": [
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": null,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 0
},
"id": 2,
"panels": [],
"title": "K6 压测核心指标",
"type": "row"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 80
}
]
},
"unit": "reqs/s"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 0,
"y": 1
},
"id": 3,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(k6_http_reqs[10s])) by (name)",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "{{name}}",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"title": "TPS（每秒请求数）",
"type": "timeseries"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "yellow",
"value": 500
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 800
}
]
},
"unit": "ms"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 12,
"y": 1
},
"id": 4,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "k6_http_req_duration{quantile=\\"0.95\\"}",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "P95",
"refId": "A"
},
{
"expr": "k6_http_req_duration{quantile=\\"0.99\\"}",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "P99",
"refId": "B"
}
],
"title": "请求耗时（P95/P99，ms）",
"type": "timeseries"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 0.1
}
]
},
"unit": "percent"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 0,
"y": 9
},
"id": 5,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(k6_http_reqs_failed[10s])) / sum(rate(k6_http_reqs[10s])) * 100",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "失败率",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"title": "请求失败率（%）",
"type": "timeseries"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 5
}
]
},
"unit": "ms"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 12,
"y": 9
},
"id": 6,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "k6_third_party_call_duration{quantile=\\"0.95\\"}",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "第三方调用P95",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"title": "第三方渠道调用耗时（P95，ms）",
"type": "timeseries"
},
{
"collapsed": false,
"datasource": null,
"gridPos": {
"h": 1,
"w": 24,
"x": 0,
"y": 17
},
"id": 7,
"panels": [],
"title": "数据库&缓存指标",
"type": "row"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "yellow",
"value": 90
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 85
}
]
},
"unit": "percent"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 0,
"y": 18
},
"id": 8,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "(redis_keyspace_hits / (redis_keyspace_hits + redis_keyspace_misses)) * 100",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "缓存命中率",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"title": "Redis缓存命中率（%）",
"type": "timeseries"
},
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"color": {
"mode": "palette-classic"
},
"custom": {
"axisCenteredZero": false,
"axisColorMode": "text",
"axisLabel": "",
"axisPlacement": "auto",
"barAlignment": 0,
"drawStyle": "line",
"fillOpacity": 0,
"gradientMode": "none",
"hideFrom": {
"legend": false,
"tooltip": false,
"viz": false
},
"insertNulls": false,
"lineInterpolation": "linear",
"lineWidth": 1,
"pointSize": 5,
"scaleDistribution": {
"type": "linear"
},
"showPoints": "auto",
"spanNulls": false,
"stacking": {
"group": "A",
"mode": "none"
},
"thresholdsStyle": {
"mode": "off"
}
},
"mappings": [],
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{
"color": "green",
"value": null
},
{
"color": "red",
"value": 0
}
]
},
"unit": "count"
},
"overrides": []
},
"gridPos": {
"h": 8,
"w": 12,
"x": 12,
"y": 18
},
"id": 9,
"options": {
"legend": {
"calcs": [],
"displayMode": "list",
"placement": "bottom",
"showLegend": true
},
"tooltip": {
"mode": "single",
"sort": "none"
}
},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "rate(mysql_slow_queries[10s])",
"interval": "",
"legendFormat": "慢查询数/10s",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"title": "MySQL慢查询数",
"type": "timeseries"
}
],
"refresh": "5s",
"schemaVersion": 38,
"style": "dark",
"tags": ["支付系统", "K6", "性能测试"],
"templating": {
"list": []
},
"time": {
"from": "now-1h",
"to": "now"
},
"timepicker": {},
"timezone": "",
"title": "支付系统性能监控面板",
"uid": "pay-perf-monitor",
"version": 1,
"weekStart": ""
}

导入方法：

二、支付系统性能测试报告模板（可直接填充）

支付系统性能测试报告

1. 测试基本信息

2. 测试范围与指标

2.1 测试接口

2.2 监控指标

3. 测试场景与执行结果

3.1 基准测试

3.2 容量测试

3.3 稳定性测试

3.4 异常场景测试

4. 性能瓶颈与优化建议

5. 测试结论

6. 风险提示

三、异常场景专项测试脚本（重复支付/资损）

以下是针对重复支付、资损、第三方超时重试等核心风险场景的 K6 测试脚本，可直接运行：

import http from 'k6/http';
import { check, sleep, group } from 'k6';
import { Trend, Rate, Counter } from 'k6/metrics';
import { htmlReport } from "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/benc-uk/k6-reporter/main/dist/bundle.js";
import { SharedArray } from 'k6/data';

// 自定义指标：重复支付计数、资损风险计数
const repeatPaymentCounter = new Counter('repeat_payment_count'); // 重复支付计数
const fundLossRiskCounter = new Counter('fund_loss_risk_count'); // 资损风险计数
const retrySuccessRate = new Rate('retry_success_rate'); // 重试成功率

// 参数化数据
const testData = new SharedArray('payment_data', function () {
return [
{ token: 'token_001', merchant_id: 'mer_888', amount: '100.00', pay_type: 'wechat' },
{ token: 'token_002', merchant_id: 'mer_888', amount: '200.00', pay_type: 'alipay' },
];
});

// 压测配置：模拟高并发下重复请求、第三方超时
export const options = {
stages: [
{ duration: '5m', target: 300 }, // 300VU模拟高并发
],
thresholds: {
'repeat_payment_count': ['count<1'], // 重复支付数必须=0
'fund_loss_risk_count': ['count<1'], // 资损风险数必须=0
'retry_success_rate': ['rate>=0.99'], // 重试成功率≥99%
},
};

// 生成唯一订单号
function generateOrderNo() {
return `PAY${Date.now()}${Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000)}`;
}

// 核心测试逻辑：重复支付、第三方超时重试、资损校验
export default function () {
const data = testData[Math.floor(Math.random() * testData.length)];
const baseUrl = 'https://pay-api.test.com';
const orderNo = generateOrderNo();
let payResult = null;

// 场景1：重复调用支付接口（模拟用户重复点击/网络重传）
group('repeat_payment_test', function () {
// 连续3次调用统一下单接口（模拟重复请求）
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
const params = {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': `Bearer ${data.token}`,
},
};
const body = JSON.stringify({
order_no: orderNo,
pay_type: data.pay_type,
client_ip: '192.168.1.100',
});
const res = http.post(`${baseUrl}/v1/pay/unifiedorder`, body, params);

// 记录支付结果（首次请求）
if (i === 0) {
payResult = res.json();
}

// 检查是否重复支付：订单号相同但返回多次支付成功
if (i > 0 && res.json().code === 0 && res.json().trade_no !== payResult.trade_no) {
repeatPaymentCounter.add(1); // 重复支付计数+1
}

sleep(0.05); // 短间隔模拟重复点击
}
});

// 场景2：第三方超时后重试（验证幂等性，避免资损）
group('third_party_timeout_retry_test', function () {
const retryParams = {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Authorization': `Bearer ${data.token}`,
},
};
const retryBody = JSON.stringify({
order_no: orderNo,
pay_type: data.pay_type,
client_ip: '192.168.1.100',
// 模拟第三方超时场景
mock_third_party_timeout: true,
});

// 首次调用（第三方超时）
const firstRes = http.post(`${baseUrl}/v1/pay/unifiedorder`, retryBody, retryParams);
const isFirstTimeout = firstRes.json().code === 500 && firstRes.json().msg === 'third_party_timeout';

// 重试调用（验证幂等性）
if (isFirstTimeout) {
const retryRes = http.post(`${baseUrl}/v1/pay/unifiedorder`, retryBody, retryParams);
const isRetrySuccess = check(retryRes, {
'重试成功且幂等': (r) => r.json().code === 0 && r.json().order_status === 'success' && r.json().amount === data.amount,
});
retrySuccessRate.add(isRetrySuccess);

// 检查是否资损：金额扣减多次
const queryRes = http.get(`${baseUrl}/v1/pay/query?order_no=${orderNo}`, {
headers: { 'Authorization': `Bearer ${data.token}` },
});
if (queryRes.json().deduct_amount > data.amount) {
fundLossRiskCounter.add(1); // 资损风险计数+1
}
}

sleep(0.2);
});

// 场景3：回调重复通知（模拟第三方重复回调）
group('repeat_notify_test', function () {
const notifyParams = {
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/json',
'Sign': 'mock_sign', // 模拟签名
},
};
const notifyBody = JSON.stringify({
order_no: orderNo,
trade_no: payResult?.trade_no || 'mock_trade_no',
status: 'success',
amount: data.amount,
});

// 连续2次调用回调接口（模拟第三方重复通知）
for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
const notifyRes = http.post(`${baseUrl}/v1/pay/notify`, notifyBody, notifyParams);
check(notifyRes, {
'重复回调处理成功（幂等）': (r) => r.status === 200 && r.json().code === 0,
});
}

sleep(0.1);
});
}

// 输出测试报告
export function handleSummary(data) {
return {
"./pay_abnormal_test_report.html": htmlReport(data),
"stdout": JSON.stringify(data, null, 2),
};
}

脚本核心说明：

总结