Man-Computer Symbiosis
1960年 两个目标：
- to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they now facilitate the solution of formulated problems
- to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs。 期望的关系：人负责设定目标，形式化假设，决定criteria，评估、计算机负责routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in techniqal and scientific thinking。
人机共生是人机系统的一个子类。
人机工程：man-machine engineering 基于对technical thinking的tine-and-motion分析人的大部分工作可被机器完成。 机器负责验证人类提出的假设，并在数据上测试。 另一篇论文revisited提出 真正的共生至少需要3个要素 （1）a complex entary and effective division of labor between human and machine （2）an explicit representation in the computer of the user’s abilities intentions and beliefs （3）the utilization of nonverbal communication modalities。 当前人机共生状态 most computer
