什么是异常回溯信息？
当中, 程序出现异常之际, 解释器会造出一个涵盖异常信息的对象, 此对象含有程序运行进程里所调用的函数以及代码的堆栈信息, 借此能够明晰地追踪到异常发生的地方, 异常回溯信息极为有用, 它给出诊断和调试程序的关键 data, 通常来讲, 程序发生异常时, 会自行打印出部分异常回溯信息并且终止程序之行, 但有时, 我们期望在程序里捕获并打印完整的异常回溯信息, 且不期望程序终止。
如何捕获并打印完整的异常回溯信息？
要进行捕获进而打印出完整的异常回溯信息, 我们能够加以使用的模块, 下面呈现的是一个示例程序。
import traceback
def func1():
func2()
def func2():
func3()
def func3():
raise ValueError("示例异常")
try:
func1()
except:
traceback.print_exc()
示例里居上者, 吾等界定了三个相互嵌套的函数, 分别为func1、func2以及func3。其中func3函数抛出了一回异常。于主函数func1之中调用了func2, func2转而又调用了func3, 进而致使异常被抛出。于最后的try-块里面, 吾等运用.( )方法去捕获并且打印完整的异常回溯信息。
当我们运行上面的示例程序时，输出结果如下：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "example.py", line 12, in
func1()
File "example.py", line 4, in func1
func2()
File "example.py", line 7, in func2
func3()
File "example.py", line 10, in func3
raise ValueError("示例异常")
ValueError: 示例异常
可以从上面输出的结果看出, .()方法成功地捕获并且打印了完整的异常回溯的信息, 其中有着抛出异常的文件名, 还有行号, 以及每个函数的调用关系。
捕获并保存异常回溯信息
除却直接去打印异常回溯信息之外, 我们能够把它保存至一个文件当中, 以此用来便利后续的分析以及调试。下面给出了一个示例程序:
import traceback
def save_traceback():
with open("traceback.txt", "w") as f:
try:
raise ValueError("示例异常")
except:
traceback.print_exc(file=f)
save_traceback()
于上述示例里头, 我们界定了一个函数, 此函数会把异常回溯信息存放至名为.txt的文件内。运用.()方法之际, 能够借由file参数来指定输出至文件而非打印于终端。
当我们去运行上面所提及的示例程序之时, 会于当前所处目录下面生成一个被称作 .txt 的文件, 并且会把完整的异常回溯信息书写进该文件当中。
总结
于本文里, 我们阐述了怎样于其中捕捉并印出完备的异常回溯讯息, 且不停顿或退出程序之事。借由运用该模块, 我们能够轻易地捕捉并处置程序里的异常, 进而获取详尽的调试与剖析讯息。这对于查找并修正程序里的差错极其有帮助。期望本文可助力您更优地领会与运用异常回溯讯息的相关知识。WwW.HoUniAoHaO.CoM/AuSt/53114.html
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