软件测试接口测试从入门到精通：接口测试用例设计 - 测试的艺术

09 接口测试用例设计 – 测试的艺术

🎯 本章目标：掌握接口测试用例设计方法，学会用等价类、边界值、场景法等设计全面的测试用例。

9.1 为什么用例设计很重要

生活中的例子

想象你要测试一个电梯系统：

如果只测试"正常上楼" → 漏掉了超载、停电、故障等场景
如果测试所有可能 → 时间不够，成本太高

好的用例设计 = 用最少的时间，覆盖最重要的场景

接口测试用例设计原则

#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .label text,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node rect,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node circle,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node .label,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-6OWjPpO9lb3e036a :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

用例设计原则

全面性

代表性

可执行性

可维护性

覆盖正常和异常

避免冗余

步骤清晰

易于更新

9.2 等价类划分法

什么是等价类

等价类：把输入数据划分为若干类，每类中的数据在测试中的作用等价，只需从每类中选一个代表测试。

例子：年龄输入框

需求：年龄范围 1-150

有效等价类（有效数据）：
├─ 1-150 之间的整数

无效等价类（无效数据）：
├─ 小于1（0, -1, -100）
├─ 大于150（151, 200, 999）
├─ 非整数（1.5, "abc"）
└─ 空值

接口测试中的应用

场景：用户注册接口，用户名长度 3-20 位

9.3 边界值分析法

什么是边界值

边界值：错误往往发生在输入范围的边界上，因此需要重点测试边界及边界附近的值。

边界值选取规则

如果范围是 [min, max]，测试：
– min – 1（略低于最小值）
– min（最小值）
– min + 1（略高于最小值）
– max – 1（略低于最大值）
– max（最大值）
– max + 1（略高于最大值）

例子：分页接口

需求：page 范围 1-100，size 范围 1-50

边界值测试：
page: 0, 1, 2, 99, 100, 101
size: 0, 1, 2, 49, 50, 51

接口测试中的应用

场景：获取商品列表，page: 1-1000, size: 1-100

9.4 场景法（流程分析法）

什么是场景法

场景法：根据业务流程设计测试用例，覆盖完整的业务场景。

电商下单场景

#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .label text,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node rect,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node circle,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node .label,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-IG632NMG5NaqyxLd :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

是

否

是

否

开始

浏览商品

加入购物车

提交订单

库存充足?

支付

提示缺货

支付成功?

订单完成

支付失败

取消订单

结束

场景用例设计

9.5 错误推断法

什么是错误推断

错误推断法：基于经验和直觉，推测程序中可能存在的错误，有针对性地设计测试用例。

常见接口错误

#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge{stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 path{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon–1{font-size:40px;color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge–1{stroke:hsl(240, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth–1{stroke-width:17;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section–1 line{stroke:hsl(60, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 path{fill:hsl(60, 100%, 73.5294117647%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-0{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-0{stroke:hsl(60, 100%, 73.5294117647%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-0{stroke-width:14;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-0 line{stroke:hsl(240, 100%, 83.5294117647%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 path{fill:hsl(80, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-1{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-1{stroke:hsl(80, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-1{stroke-width:11;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-1 line{stroke:hsl(260, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 path{fill:hsl(270, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-2{font-size:40px;color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-2{stroke:hsl(270, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-2{stroke-width:8;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 line{stroke:hsl(90, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 path{fill:hsl(300, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-3{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-3{stroke:hsl(300, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-3{stroke-width:5;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-3 line{stroke:hsl(120, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 path{fill:hsl(330, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-4{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-4{stroke:hsl(330, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-4{stroke-width:2;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-4 line{stroke:hsl(150, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 path{fill:hsl(0, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-5{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-5{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-5{stroke-width:-1;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-5 line{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 path{fill:hsl(30, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-6{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-6{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-6{stroke-width:-4;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-6 line{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 path{fill:hsl(90, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-7{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-7{stroke:hsl(90, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-7{stroke-width:-7;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-7 line{stroke:hsl(270, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 path{fill:hsl(150, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-8{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-8{stroke:hsl(150, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-8{stroke-width:-10;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-8 line{stroke:hsl(330, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 path{fill:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-9{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-9{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-9{stroke-width:-13;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-9 line{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 polygon,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 path{fill:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .node-icon-10{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-edge-10{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge-depth-10{stroke-width:-16;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-10 line{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root rect,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root path,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root circle,#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root polygon{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 46.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-root span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .section-2 span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .icon-container{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .edge{fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf .mindmap-node-label{dy:1em;alignment-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-BsWwYnEepoWPqhKf :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

常见接口错误

参数问题

缺少必填参数

参数类型错误

参数长度超限

特殊字符注入

业务逻辑

重复提交

并发冲突

状态流转错误

权限绕过

异常情况

超时处理

空值处理

大数据量

服务不可用

错误推断用例示例

9.6 接口测试用例模板

标准用例模板

用例编号: API-USER-001
用例标题: 正常创建用户
接口路径: POST /api/v1/users
优先级: P1（高）
前置条件: 数据库已连接，用户表为空

请求参数:
{
"username": "testuser",
"email": "test@example.com",
"password": "123456"
}

预期结果:
状态码: 201
响应体:
{
"code": 0,
"message": "创建成功",
"data": {
"id": 1,
"username": "testuser",
"email": "test@example.com"
}
}

实际结果: （执行时填写）
测试状态: Pass/Fail/Block

用例设计检查清单

9.7 实战：用户管理接口用例设计

接口信息

POST /api/v1/users
功能: 创建用户
参数:
– username: 用户名，3-20位，必填
– email: 邮箱，必填
– password: 密码，6-20位，必填
– role: 角色，可选，默认user

用例设计

#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .label{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .label text,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node rect,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node circle,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node .label,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-jznkKAqUVg3tigRx :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

创建用户用例

正常场景

参数校验

业务规则

异常场景

所有参数正确

只传必填参数

用户名边界值

密码边界值

邮箱格式

缺少必填参数

重复用户名

重复邮箱

SQL注入

XSS攻击

超长参数

详细用例

9.8 本章小结

用例设计方法总结

#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE svg{font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge{stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 path{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon–1{font-size:40px;color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge–1{stroke:hsl(240, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth–1{stroke-width:17;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section–1 line{stroke:hsl(60, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 path{fill:hsl(60, 100%, 73.5294117647%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-0{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-0{stroke:hsl(60, 100%, 73.5294117647%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-0{stroke-width:14;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-0 line{stroke:hsl(240, 100%, 83.5294117647%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 path{fill:hsl(80, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-1{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-1{stroke:hsl(80, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-1{stroke-width:11;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-1 line{stroke:hsl(260, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 path{fill:hsl(270, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-2{font-size:40px;color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-2{stroke:hsl(270, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-2{stroke-width:8;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 line{stroke:hsl(90, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 path{fill:hsl(300, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-3{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-3{stroke:hsl(300, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-3{stroke-width:5;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-3 line{stroke:hsl(120, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 path{fill:hsl(330, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-4{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-4{stroke:hsl(330, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-4{stroke-width:2;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-4 line{stroke:hsl(150, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 path{fill:hsl(0, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-5{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-5{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-5{stroke-width:-1;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-5 line{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 path{fill:hsl(30, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-6{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-6{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-6{stroke-width:-4;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-6 line{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 path{fill:hsl(90, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-7{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-7{stroke:hsl(90, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-7{stroke-width:-7;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-7 line{stroke:hsl(270, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 path{fill:hsl(150, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-8{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-8{stroke:hsl(150, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-8{stroke-width:-10;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-8 line{stroke:hsl(330, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 path{fill:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-9{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-9{stroke:hsl(180, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-9{stroke-width:-13;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-9 line{stroke:hsl(0, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 polygon,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 path{fill:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 text{fill:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .node-icon-10{font-size:40px;color:black;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-edge-10{stroke:hsl(210, 100%, 76.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge-depth-10{stroke-width:-16;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-10 line{stroke:hsl(30, 100%, 86.2745098039%);stroke-width:3;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:lightgray;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .disabled text{fill:#efefef;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root rect,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root path,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root circle,#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root polygon{fill:hsl(240, 100%, 46.2745098039%);}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root text{fill:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-root span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .section-2 span{color:#ffffff;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .icon-container{height:100%;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .edge{fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE .mindmap-node-label{dy:1em;alignment-baseline:middle;text-anchor:middle;dominant-baseline:middle;text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-b01PCKyqwi0KuWPE :root{–mermaid-font-family:\”trebuchet ms\”,verdana,arial,sans-serif;}

用例设计

等价类划分

有效等价类

无效等价类

减少用例数量

边界值分析

最小值

最大值

边界外

场景法

正常流程

异常分支

业务覆盖

错误推断

经验推测

常见错误

安全测试

课后练习 📝

9.9 下章预告

下一章我们将进行接口功能测试实战，把用例设计应用到实际测试中！

“好的测试用例设计，就像好的侦探工作——找到最关键的线索，而不是检查每一个角落。”