学位英语 语法与词汇
什么是主语、谓语、宾语?
用可以一句话解释:“我表扬了她”。“我”是主语,“表扬”是谓语,“她”是宾语。
其中主语、宾语可以是人或物。
一个句子最基本的骨架就是 “谁 + 干 + 什么” ,对应 “主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”。
1. Mr. Grant _____ in Hangzhou since 2006. He loves this city.
A. has been living
B. lived
C. will be living
D. will have been living
【解析】答案A,本题考核时态。since引导时间状语从句,主句的谓语动词要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,表示过去到现在持续的动作。句意为“自2006年以来,格兰特先生就一直住在杭州,他热爱这座城市”。
2. She ______ London ten years ago, and I ______ her since.
A. left; don’t see
B. left; haven’t seen
C. has left; didn’t see
D. has left; haven’t seen
【解析】答案B,本题考核时态。ago表示过去时间,谓语动词要用过去时,since引导的时间状语从句用过去时,但主句的谓语动词要用现在完成时。句意为“十年前她离开了伦敦,从此我再也没见过她”。
3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _____ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought
B. buying
C. to buy
D. buy
【解析】答案A,本题考核时态。谓语动词went是go的过去式,并列的谓语动词也要用过去时(bought,visited)。句意为“星期六下午,格林太太去了市场,买了一些香蕉,并看望了她的表姐”。
4. You will probably be ______ him at lunch.
A. meet
B. meeting
C. met
D. to meet
【解析】答案B,本题考核将来进行时。will be doing是将来进行时的结构。句意为“午餐时间你很可能会见到他”。
5. Most of these women are very poorly ______ and work in terrible conditions.
A. pay
B. paid
C. paying
D. to pay
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词的被动态。把谓语动词变为被动形式,即be +过去分词。
句意为“这些妇女大多工资很低,工作环境恶劣”。
6. My salary is ______ directly into my bank account every month.
A. paying
B. pay
C. paid
D. to pay
【解析】答案C,本题考核动词的被动态。被动语态的结构为be +过去分词。句意为“我的工资每月直接存入我的银行账户”。
7. I think it’s unfair to make drivers ______ extra money.
A. paying
B. to pay
C. pay
D. paid
【解析】答案C,本题考核非谓语动词。make sb. do… 使/让某人做某事(不带to的动词不定式)。句意为“我认为让司机付额外的费用是不公平的”。
make是强制动作
8. Your rosy cheeks always make you ______ so healthy.
A. look
B. to look
C. looked
D. looking
【解析】答案A,本题考核非谓语动词。make sb. do… 使/让某人做某事(不带to的动词不定式)。句意为“你脸颊红润,让你看起来总很健康”。
9. The training of employees to enable them ______ their career development is very important.
A. improving
B. improved
C. to improve
D. improve
【解析】答案C,本题考核非谓语动词。enable sb. to do…使……能够做……。句意为“对员工进行培训,使他们能够改善职业发展,这一点非常重要”。
如何区分“动词+sb to do sth”和“动词+sb do sth”“
两类动词的底层逻辑(极简理解)
|
类型 |
结构 |
意思 |
典型动词 |
|
A类 |
动词 + sb + to do |
劝/告诉/允许某人去做 |
ask, tell, want, allow, invite |
|
B类 |
动词 + sb + do |
让/看/听某人做(全过程) |
make, let, have, see, hear, watch |
一句话记住本质区别:
A类 = 推动动作(“去做”) B类 = 感知或强制(“做了”)
to do:动作与谓语动词之间有“距离”——我告诉你去做,你做不做不一定。
do:动作紧紧跟着谓语发生——我看见他跑,跑确实发生了。
A类标杆:I asked him to come.(ask → to)
B类标杆:I saw him come.(see → 不带to)
B类在被动语态中 to 会回来: He was seen to come. 这说明原形do只是主动时的省略,不是动词本性改变。
A类/B类动词速查表
|
类别 |
动词 |
中文 |
结构 |
标杆句 |
|
A类 |
tell |
告诉 |
tell sb to do |
I told him to wait. |
|
A类 |
ask |
请求/问 |
ask sb to do |
She asked me to help. |
|
A类 |
want |
想要 |
want sb to do |
I want you to come. |
|
A类 |
invite |
邀请 |
invite sb to do |
He invited me to join. |
|
A类 |
allow |
允许 |
allow sb to do |
They don‘t allow us to smoke. |
|
A类 |
advise |
建议 |
advise sb to do |
I advise you to leave. |
|
A类 |
expect |
期望 |
expect sb to do |
We expect you to win. |
|
A类 |
need |
需要 |
need sb to do |
I need you to stay. |
|
类别 |
动词 |
中文 |
结构 |
标杆句 |
|
B类 |
make |
迫使 |
make sb do |
He made me cry. |
|
B类 |
let |
让 |
let sb do |
Let me explain |
|
B类 |
have |
使/安排 |
have sb do |
I‘ll have him call you. |
|
B类 |
see |
看见 |
see sb do |
I saw him leave. |
|
B类 |
hear |
听见 |
hear sb do |
I heard her sing. |
|
B类 |
watch |
观看 |
watch sb do |
We watched them play. |
|
B类 |
feel |
感觉到 |
feel sb do |
I felt something move. |
|
B类 |
notice |
注意到 |
notice sb do |
Did you notice anyone enter? |
10. Our English teacher advises us ______ the words every day carefully and honestly.
A. memorize
B. to memorize
C. memorizing
D. memorized
【解析】答案B,本题考核非谓语动词。advise sb. to do,建议某人做某事。句意为“我们英语老师建议我们每天老老实实、认认真真地去背单词”。
11. We've lived here in Thornton for 5 years now and I think it’s time to have the house ______.
A. paint
B. to paint
C. painted
D. painting
【解析】答案C,本题考核非谓语动词。have sth. done请人做某事。句意为“我们在桑顿已经住了5年了,我想该请人把房子粉刷一下了”。
12. Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it ______?
A. fixing
B. to fix
C. fix
D. fixed
【解析】答案D,本题考核非谓语动词。have sth. done请人做某事。句意为“你打算自己修理这辆车,还是请人修理?”。
13. Everyone ______ the site must wear safety boots.
A. enter
B. entering
C. to enter
D. enters
【解析】答案B,本题考核非谓语动词。现在分词entering作后置定语,修饰主语everyone。句意为“进入现场的每个人都必须穿安全靴”。
什么叫“定语”?
定语就是修饰名词的用词吗?比如“思考中的我不允许被打扰”,“思考中的”就是定语
如果把定语 “entering the site” 变成一个句子,就是:
Everyone who enters the site must wear safety boots.
这里 “who enters the site” 是定语从句,修饰 Everyone。
当定语从句的主语(who)和主句主语(Everyone)一致,且谓语是主动语态时,可以省略为 “entering the site”(现在分词短语作定语)。
为什么“entering”对?
因为要表达 “进入现场的人” 这个意思时,有两种常用方式:
定语从句:Everyone who enters…(最直白)
现在分词短语:Everyone entering…(更简洁,书面语常见)
不能用:
enter → 动词原形不能直接作定语
to enter → 不定式作定语常表示“将要进入”,逻辑不通
enters → 是谓语动词,一个句子不能有两个谓语
14. Human Resources Management is the process of _____ people and their relationships in an organization.
A. manage
B. managing
C. to manage
D. managed
【解析】答案B,本题考核非谓语动词。介词of后跟名词性短语,所以要用动名词。句意为“人力资源管理是管理组织中人员及其关系的过程”。
什么叫“介词”?
介词就像胶水,用来粘名词/代词到句子其他部分,表示它们之间的关系(时间、地点、方式、原因、所属等)。
常见介词:in, on, at, of, for, with, by, from, to, about…
位置特点:介词 一定在 名词/代词 前面。
例子:
in the room(in 是介词,room 是名词)
for you(for 是介词,you 是代词)
of managing(of 是介词,managing 是动名词——此时名词性质)
所以,“介词 + 名词/代词/动名词”是固定搭配。
15. —"Did you have any difficulty ______ the theatre?"
—"No, your directions were excellent."
A. find
B. finding
C. to find
D. found
【解析】答案B,本题考核非谓语动词。difficulty后面可以跟in或with,也可省略,后跟动名词,意为“做……有困难”。句意为—“你找到剧院有困难吗?”—“不,你的指示很棒”。
16. Good HRM policies ensure that there are clear regulations_____ show the pay levels for the different positions in an organization.
A. who
B. what
C. which
D. why
【解析】答案C,本题考核定语从句。regulations为先行词,which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。句意为“良好的人力资源管理政策确保有明确的规定来显示组织中不同职位的薪酬水平”。
17. Community service is a service or activity _____ is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public.
A. what
B. how
C. which
D. who
【解析】答案C,本题考核定语从句。a service or activity为先行词,which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。句意为“社区服务是由某人或一群人为公众利益而提供的服务或活动”。
18. ______ is known to everybody, light travels much faster than sound.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
【解析】答案B,本题考核定语从句。as引导的定语从句要放在句首。句意为“众所周知,光的传播速度比声音快得多”。
19. The fact ______ Debbie is always late has become a joke among her friends.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. what
【解析】答案A,本题考核同位语从句。常见的先行词除了fact,还有hope, wish, idea, news, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等抽象名词,that引导的从句对其做解释说明。that只是引导词,本身不作任何成分作用,但不能省略。句意为“黛比老迟到,这在她朋友中成了一个笑话”。
20. ______strange clothes he was wearing!
A. What
B. How
C. How a
D. What a
【解析】答案A,本题考核感叹句。What(+形容词)+名词单数/复数+主语+谓语……。虽然后跟形容词strange,但要注意它作clothes(复数)的定语。句意为“他穿的衣服多怪异呀!”。
clothes 不是“复数名词”,而是“只有复数形式的不可数名词”。 前面不能加 a,也不能加数词
21. ______ quickly they’ve managed to get everything finished!
A. What
B. How
C. How a
D. What a
【解析】答案B,本题考核感叹句。How+副词/形容词+主语+谓语……。句意为“他们完成每件事的速度真快!”。
22. I didn’t realize how special my mother was ______ I became an adult.
A. how
B. as
C. when
D. until
【解析】答案D,本题考核状语从句。not…until直到……才……,引导时间状语从句。句意为“直到我成年后,才意识到我母亲有多特别”。
23. You could help with their shopping or getting about town _____ they have difficulty getting around themselves.
A. what
B. how
C. so
D. if
【解析】答案D,本题考核状语从句。If引导条件状语从句。句意为“如果他们行动有困难,你可以帮助他们购物或进城”。
24. I'm so ______ that I could sleep in this chair!
A. tire
B. to tire
C. tiring
D. tired
【解析】答案D,本题考核词形辨析(形容词)。以人作主语,用tired(感到疲倦的);物作主语,用tiring(令人感到疲倦的)。so…that…引导结果状语从句。句意为“我太累了,在这张椅子上可以睡”。
25. It’s ______ tiny kitchen that I don’t have to do much to keep it clean.
A. so
B. so a
C. such a
D. such
【解析】答案C,本题考核状语从句。such (a)+名词… that,名词前可加形容词,作“如此……以致于”解。句意为“厨房很小,我不用花大力气来保持干净”。
tiny /ˈtaɪni/ 极小的;微小的; kitchen: /ˈkɪtʃɪn/厨房
26. Mike is ______ an honest worker ______ we all believe him.
A. so…that
B. such…that
C. as……as
D. so that
【解析】答案B,本题考核状语从句。such (a)+名词… that,名词前可加形容词,作“如此……以致于”解。句意为“迈克是一个诚实的工人,我们都相信他”。
如果用 so,结构应为 so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词(如 so honest a worker),但题中语序是 such an honest worker。
27. It is twenty years ______ Miss Feng returned to China.
A. when
B. since
C. as
D. that
【解析】答案B,本题考核状语从句。since引导时间状语从句。句意为“冯小姐回国已有二十年了”。
28. Nothing is impossible______ we do not give up our dreams.
A. in order that
B. as long as
C. the moment
D. so long that
【解析】答案B,本题考核状语从句。as long as“只要”,引导条件状语从句。句意为“只要我们不放弃梦想,没有什么是不可能的”。
29. She has been working hard day and night during these years _____ she should pay for the lost necklace.
A. in order that
B. as long as
C. the moment
D. if
【解析】答案A,本题考核状语从句。In order that“为了”,引导目的状语从句。句意为“这些年来,为了赔偿丢失的项链,她日以继夜地努力工作”。
30. ______ they have a lot of applicants, they can’t find the people they want.
A. Though
B. Because
C. Therefore
D. However
【解析】答案A,本题考核状语从句。Though“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。句意为“尽管他们有很多申请者,但他们找不到他们想要的人选”。
31. _____ the current epidemic does not cause a significant risk to other nations, many countries have actually been working closely with the Ebola hit states.
A. However
B. Whenever
C. Although
D. Whether
【解析】答案C,本题考核状语从句。Although“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。句意为“尽管目前的疫情并未对其他国家造成重大风险,但实际上许多国家一直与埃博拉疫情流行地区进行密切合作”。
在标准让步状语从句(从句在前或后)中,两者完全可互换。
Though 比 although 更灵活,可以用于句末补充、倒装结构。
考试中如果同时出现,一般 选 although 更标准(尤其位于句首时),但都不算错。
32. In order to search for the escaped prisoner, the police decide to question _____ comes along this road.
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
【解析】答案C,本题考核状语从句。Whoever=no matter who,引导让步状语从句。句意为“为了寻找逃犯,警方决定询问这条路上的任何人”。
33. Hardly ______ when the sun came out.
A. had the rain stopped
B. did the rain stop
C. the rain had stopped
D. the rain stopped
【解析】答案A,本题考核倒装句。注意hardly与when,no sooner 与than搭配,表示“一……就……”。否定词放在句首,主句要用部分倒装,把句中过去完成时的had提前。句意为“雨刚停,太阳就出来了”。
固定句型:Hardly had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when + 一般过去时 表示“一……就……”。
正装:The rain had hardly stopped when the sun came out.
倒装:Hardly had the rain stopped when the sun came out.
34. Not until I became an adult ______ I ______ how special my mother was.
A. /; realize
B. do; realize
C. was; realized
D. did; realize
【解析】答案D,本题考核倒装句。正常语序是I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. Not until放在句首,这是常见句型,主句要用部分倒装,把realized的did提前,还原为realize。句意为“直到我长大成人了,我才认识到我母亲有多特别”。
adult:/ˈædʌlt/ 成人
为什么这里用 “didn’t realize” 而不是 “didn’t realized”?
原因:否定句中的过去时已经由 “did” 来承担了。
结构是:did + not + 动词原形
“did” 已经体现了过去时,后面的动词必须用原形。
英语语法规定:否定或疑问句中,由 do/does/did 承担时态,后面的动词永远用原形。
35. Not only _____ we _____ all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
A. do, lose
B. did, lose
C. have, lost
D. has, lost
【解析】答案B,本题考核倒装句。Not until放在句首,主句要用部分倒装,把lost的did提前,还原为lose。句意为“我们不仅失去了所有的金钱,还差点丢了生命”。
36. It was in the park ______ I came across Jim yesterday.
A. that
B. which
C. how
D. what
【解析】答案A,本题考核强调句。句型为It is/was…that…,本句强调的是地点状语,连接词要用that。句意为“正是在公园我昨天偶遇吉姆”。
come across:碰到
可以用where来代替that吗?
不可以。
为什么不能用 where?
因为这是一个 强调句,不是 定语从句。
强调句固定结构:
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
It was in the park that I came across Jim yesterday. → 强调“在公园里”,不是修饰“公园”。
那什么时候可以用 where?
当 park 直接被修饰时,用 where 引导定语从句:
This is the park where I came across Jim yesterday. (这就是我昨天碰到吉姆的那个公园。)
对比:
|
句子 |
结构 |
含义 |
|
It was in the park that I met him. |
强调句 |
强调地点(正是在公园) |
|
This is the park where I met him. |
定语从句 |
描述公园(昨天见面的那个) |
判断方法:
把 It was…that 去掉,句子还完整吗?
I came across Jim yesterday in the park. ✅ 完整 → 强调句,用 that。
如果去掉后不完整,才是定语从句,再考虑 where。
补充:
有 in:强调“在……里面”这个地点位置,不是单纯指“哪个公园”。
没有 in:直接说“那个公园”,in 被 where 吃掉了(因为 where = in which)
It was in the park that I came across Jim yesterday.
It was the park where I came across Jim yesterday.
It was the park in which I came across Jim yesterday.
上面句式在语法上都对
37. ______ in the late 1970s ______ American manufacturing factories realized the importance of quality control.
A. It was…when
B. It is…when
C. It was…that
D. That is…how
【解析】答案C,本题考核强调句。句型为It is/was…that…,本句强调的是时间状语,连接词要用that。句意为“正是20世纪70年代末,美国制造工厂意识到质量控制的重要性”。
为什么不用It was…when
用when客观描述时间关系,没有强调。
用that:强调这个时间点的重要性。任何被强调成分(时间、地点、原因、人)都用 that(人也可用 who)
It was at 8 pm that he arrived.
It was at 8 pm when he arrived.
(when 句语法成立,但不再是强调句,语义变了)
38. I suggest he ______ the Purchasing Department to look at other suppliers.
A. tell
B. tells
C. telling
D. to tell
【解析】答案A,本题考核虚拟语气。suggest表“建议”,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用(should)+动词原形。句意为“我建议他告诉采购部去看看其他供应商”。
“原形虚拟”只发生在:建议、命令、要求、坚持 + 动作还没发生。
如果动作已经发生,或是在陈述事实,就用正常时态。
39. If she hadn’t called yesterday, I ______ it.
A. had known
B. didn’t know
C. wouldn’t know
D. wouldn’t have known
【解析】答案D,本题考核虚拟语气。句中的yesterday,说明要用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,结构为:if从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/should have done。句意为“昨天她要是没打电话的话,我对此就一无所知”。

40. The more he drank, ______ he became.
A. the more violent
B. the most violent
C. more violent
D. most violent
【解析】答案A,本题考核形容词比较级。The more…, the better…“越……,越……”,这是固定句型,要用形容词或副词的比较级。句意为“他喝得越多,就变得越暴力”。
violent:/ˈvaɪələnt/ 暴力的
41. _____ you are prepared for emergencies, _____ you will be able to act when an emergency occurs.
A. More, better
B. The more, the better
C. Best, most
D. The best, the most
【解析】答案B,本题考核副词比较级。The more…, the better…“越……,越……”,这是固定句型,要用形容词或副词的比较级。句意为“你对紧急情况准备得越多,你就越能在紧急情况发生时采取行动”。
42. A bus driver is ______ for the safety of his passengers.
A. response
B. responsibility
C. respond
D. responsible
【解析】答案D,本题考核词形辨析。response反应、响应n.; responsibility职责、责任n.; respond回答、回应v. ;responsible负责的、有责任心的adj.。 be responsible for为……负责。句意为“公共汽车司机为乘客的安全负责”。
43. A bus driver is responsible for the ______ of his passengers.
A. safe
B. safer
C. safely
D. safety
【解析】答案D,本题考核词形辨析。这四个词都是安全的意思,其中safe形容词, safer为形容词比较级, safely副词, safety名词。句意为“公交司机为乘客的安全负责”。
44. It seems that different batches of shirts ______ in quality.
A. various
B. variety
C. varied
D. vary
【解析】答案D,本题考核词形辨析。various各种各样的adj.;variety多样化、种类n.;varied多种多样、形形色色adj.;vary变化v.。句意为“不同批次的衬衫质量似乎不同”。
batches :/ˈbætʃɪz/ 批次。vary:/ˈveəri/ 变化;不同;
45. Mike is ______ for breaking traffic rules and is discussing safe driving with his colleague.
A. fine
B. fined
C. fining
D. to fine
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词的被动态。把谓语动词变为被动形式,即be +过去分词。fine作为“罚款”解,是动词。句意为“迈克因违反交通规则而被罚款,他正在和同事讨论安全驾驶问题”。
46. ______ the fact that he was sick, I went to visit him.
A. Despite of
B. In spite of
C. Now that
D. Even though
【解析】答案B,本题考核介词词组。in spite of=despite,后跟名词性短语;now that与even though后跟从句。句意为“尽管他病了,我还是去看望了他”。
despite / in spite of → 后面跟 名词性短语(his illness, the fact that…)
even though / although → 后面跟 从句(he was sick)
“他病了” 不是“去看他”的“阻碍”,反而是“去看他”的 理由。要让原句合理,应该有一个预设前提:“他病了” 是“去看他”的“阻碍”,比如他得了传染病。
47. Our engineers regularly check and test that all the materials _______ the requirements.
A. meet
B. take
C. make
D. give
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组搭配。meet one's requirement满足某人的需求。句意为“我们的工程师定期检查和测试所有材料是否符合要求”。
48. I don't know how he can ______ a new car on his salary.
A. afford
B. adjust
C. effect
D. affect
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词辨析。afford买得起;adjust调整、调节;effect使发生、引起;affect影响。句意为“我不知道他怎么能用工资买得起一辆新车”。
49. Don’t spend more than you can ______.
A. afford
B. effort
C. adapt
D. affect
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词词义辨析。afford买得起v.;effort努力、成就n.;adapt使适应、改编v.;affect影响v.。句意为“花费不要超出你的经济承受力”。
50. It's a disease that ______ mainly older people.
A. infects
B. perfects
C. affects
D. effects
【解析】答案C,本题考核动词词义辨析。infect传染、感染;perfect使完美、完善;effect使发生、引起;affect影响、感染。句意为“这是一种主要侵扰老年人的疾病”。
51. The number of people ______ with COVID-19 is increasing.
A. infected
B. afforded
C. affected
D. effected
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词词义辨析。infect传染、感染;afford买得起;affect影响、感染;effect常作名句(影响、效果)。注意be infected 与介词with搭配。句意为“感染新冠肺炎的人数正在增加”。
52. Babies’ health may be _____ if they drink the contaminated baby formula milk.
A. perfected
B. infected
C. affected
D. effected
【解析】答案C,本题考核动词词义辨析。perfect使完美、完善;infect传染、感染;affect影响、感染;effect常作名句(影响、效果)。句意为“如果婴儿喝了受污染的婴儿配方奶,他们的健康可能会受到影响”。
记忆方法
fect = 做
per(完全)+ fect(做)= 完全做好了 → perfect(完美的)
de(坏/向下)+ fect(做)= 做得不好 → defect(缺陷)
in(往里)+ fect(做)= 到体内作用 → infect(感染)
af/ef(加强)+ fect(做)= 产生影响 → affect / effect(影响)
affect (动词) = 影响
effect (名词) = 影响、效果
The weather affects my mood(情绪).
The weather has a big effect on my mood.
53. You can’t go out on a sales call if you are ______ in jeans.
A. dressed
B. worn
C. put
D. put on
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词词义辨析。dress,wear和put on都表示“穿衣”的意思,区别是:be dressed in表示状态;wear也表状态,但要用于主动语态;put on表动作。句意为“穿牛仔裤的话,就不适合出去销售应酬”。
54. Door-knockers should ______ name tags with the logo of their organization.
A. wear
B. put
C. have
D. dress
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词词义辨析。wear“穿着、戴着”,表状态。句意为“上门者应佩戴印有其组织标志的名牌”。
55. You need to know the changes that might ______ in the future.
A. arise
B. rise
C. raise
D. arouse
【解析】答案A,本题考核动词词义辨析。arise出现、产生,不及物动词;rise起来、升起,不及物动词;raise举起、养育、筹集,及物动词;arouse引起、唤醒,及物动词。句意为“你需要要了解未来可能发生的变化”。
56. They have ______ to the top in their chosen professions.
A. arisen
B. risen
C. raised
D. aroused
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词词义辨析。arise出现、产生,为不及物动词;rise起来、升起,不及物动词;raise举起、养育、筹集,及物动词;arouse引起、唤醒,及物动词。句意为“他们在自己所选择的职业中已经上升到顶峰”。
57. I had to ______ my voice to make myself heard over the noise.
A. arise
B. rise
C. raise
D. arouse
【解析】答案C,本题考核动词词义辨析。arise出现、产生,为不及物动词;rise起来、升起,不及物动词;raise举起、养育、筹集,及物动词;arouse引起、唤醒,及物动词。注意区别它们的意思与动词的及物或不及物特点。句意为“我不得不提高嗓门,以便在噪音中让别人听到我的声音”。
58. Stopping distances for cars ______ with the speed they are travelling at.
A. warn
B. withdraw
C. vote
D. vary
【解析】答案D,本题考核动词词义辨析。warn警告;withdraw撤回、取款;vote投票;vary不同、变化。句意为“汽车的刹车距离随其行驶速度而变化(速度越快,刹车距离越长)”。
59. After walking for some time through the wood, Peter put his finger to his lips and ______ us to be quiet.
A. mentioned
B. motioned
C. moved
D. mended
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词词义辨析。mention提到、谈到;motion打手势、示意;move移动;mend修补。句意为“在树林里走了一会儿后,彼得把手指放在嘴唇上,示意我们安静下来”。
put原形、过去式、过去分词同形,类似的常见同形动词还有:hit (打)、cut (切)、set (设置)、cost (花费)。
60. The store has had its license ______ for more than 30 days.
A. spent
B. suspended /səˈspendɪd/
C. suspected
D. inspected
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词词义辨析。spend花费; suspend暂停、 延缓、悬挂;suspect怀疑;inspect检查、审视。句意为“这家商店已被吊销营业执照30多天”。
61. My friend was fined 800 yuan and his driving license was _____for a year.
A. spent
B. suspended
C. suspected
D. respected
【解析】答案B,本题考核动词词义辨析。spend花费; suspend暂停、 延缓、悬挂;suspect怀疑;respect尊敬、尊重。句意为“我的朋友被罚款800元,驾照被吊销一年”。
62. We should keep the grass short to _____ pests a place to live.
A. stop
B. keep
C. offer
D. deny
【解析】答案D,本题考核动词词义辨析。deny sb. sth. 拒绝给予、拒绝……的要求。句意为“我们应该把草地剪短,绝不让害虫有生存的地方”。
63. People now can easily _____ information from the Internet.
A. decrease
B. offer
C. assess
D. access
【解析】答案D,本题考核动词词义辨析。decrease减少、减小;offer提供、建议;assess评估、评价;access获得、使用。句意为“现在人们可以很容易地从互联网上获取信息”。
64. The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy ______ to the required information.
A. asset
B. offer
C. obstacle
D. access
【解析】答案D,本题考核名词词义辨析。asset资产、财产、优点;offer提供、建议;obstacle障碍、绊脚石;access获得方法/机会、入口。句意为“该系统旨在让用户快速、方便地访问所需信息”。
65. Japan soon became a major ______ in the electronics industry.
A. companion
B. component
C. composer
D. competitor
【解析】答案D,本题考核名词词义辨析。companion同伴、同事; component元素、组件;composer作曲家;competitor竞争者、对手。句意为“日本很快成为电子行业的主要竞争对手”。
66. If we don’t grasp the opportunity, our _____ will.
A. compete
B. competition
C. competitive
D. competitors
【解析】答案D,本题考核词形辨析。这四个词皆意为“竞争”,但词性不同:compete v.; competition n.; competitive 有竞争力的adj.; competitor 竞争者n.。句意为“如果我们不抓住机会,我们的竞争对手就会抓住”。
67. How do you wish to pay for your ______ ?
A. pursuits
B. postures
C. purchases
D. purposes
【解析】答案C,本题考核名词词义辨析。pursuit追求、追赶;posture体态、姿势;purchase采购、购买(物);purpose目的、意图。句意为“你希望如何付款?”。
68. When you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a ______, you will feel you are spending free money.
A. punch
B. purse
C. purchase
D. purpose
【解析】答案C,本题考核名词词义辨析。punch击打;purse钱包;purchase采购、购买(物);purpose目的、意图。句意为“当你对购买产品没有付给对方现金或支票有形物时,你会觉得自己不花钱”。
69. He is _____ to come tomorrow morning.
A. like
B. likely
C. possible
D. alike
【解析】答案B,本题考核形容词词义辨析。like像;likely可能的;possible可能的;alike相同的、相似的。句意为“明天早上他可能会来”。
70. I don't think he is really _____ for this sort of job.
A. enough experience
B. experience enough
C. enough experienced
D. experienced enough
【解析】答案D,本题考核副词。enough作副词时,必须放在形容词experienced后面。句意为“我认为他对这类工作经验不足”。
experience 既是名词,也是动词。
He has no experience in sales. (他在销售方面没有经验。)
We experienced a lot of difficulties. (我们经历了许多困难。)
experienced即可以是动词,也可以是形容词,就看语境
She is an experienced teacher.(她是一位有经验的老师。)
71. Mr. Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up.
A. seriously
B. heavily
C. badly
D. hardly
【解析】答案B,本题考核副词词义辨析。smoke heavily指抽烟量很大。句意为“史密斯先生过去抽烟很厉害,但他已经戒烟了”。
72. I don’t mind dropping in at your house when in town. _____, the walk will do me good.
A. Sooner or later
B. Still
C. Besides
D. In time
【解析】答案C,本题考核副词词义辨析。Sooner or later迟早;still仍然、还;besides还有、此外;in time按时、及时。句意为“我不介意进城时顺便去你家拜访一下。此外,散步对我有好处”。
73. Organizations of all kinds now recognize the Internet ____ a means for global communication.
A.of
B. by
C. as
D. for
【解析】答案C,本题考核介词。recognize…as把……认为是。句意为“现在各种组织都认识到互联网是全球通信的一种手段”。
74. You can get there by train or bus — in ______case it'll take an hour.
A. both
B. every
C. either
D. all
【解析】答案C,本题考核形容词。句中的case是单数,either表示两个之一;every表示三者之一;both(两个)和all(三个以上)后跟名词的复数。句意为“你可以乘火车或公共汽车到那里,无论哪种情况都需要一个小时”。
75. There are tall buildings on ______ side of the street.
A. either
B. both
C. every
D. all
【解析】答案A,本题考核形容词。句中的side是单数,either表示两个之一;every表示三者之一;both(两个)和all(三个以上)后跟名词的复数。句意为“街道两旁高楼林立”。
either 表示“两者中的任意一个”,后面接单数名词。
on either side of the street = 街道的每一边
on both sides of the street = 街道的两边
76. Since you don’t have a dictionary here, why not use ______?
A. mine
B. her
C. their
D. your
【解析】答案A,本题考核代词。名词性物主代词mine,等于my dictionary。句意为“既然你这儿没有字典,为什么不用我的呢?”。
77. Mary and Peter both have red hair but hers is lighter than ______.
A. his
B. mine
C. theirs
D. yours
【解析】答案A,本题考核代词。Peter是男性,所以用his(名词性物主代词),等于his hair。句意为“玛丽和彼得都有红头发,但她的头发比他的浅”。
78. The new activity is aimed at discouraging children ______ watching too much television.
A. to
B. with
C. by
D. from
【解析】答案D,本题考核介词。discourage…from...打消……的念头、阻止、劝阻。句意为“这项新活动旨在阻止孩子们看太多电视”。
aimed :/eɪmd/ 旨在
79. We should discourage people _____ using their cars in the city centers.
A. from
B. with
C. by
D. to
【解析】答案A,本题考核介词。discourage…from…打消……的念头、阻止、劝阻。句意为“我们应该阻止人们在市中心使用汽车”。
80. Practising more is the key ______ learning a language.
A. to
B. of
C. with
D. from
【解析】答案A,本题考核介词。the key to…关键是(在于)。句意为“多练习是学习语言的关键。”。
81. This triggers a discussion ______ how to improve the transportation system.
A. in
B. of
C. on
D. from
【解析】答案C,本题考核介词。句意为“这引发了关于如何改善交通系统的讨论”。
trigger:/ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ 触发;引起
82. China dairy giant Sanlu Group apologized _____ the public on Monday _____ its contaminated milk.
A. for, on
B. for, for
C. to,for
D. with, for
【解析】答案C,本题考核介词。apologize to sb. for sth. 就某事向某人进行道歉。句意为“周一中国乳业巨头三鹿集团就其受污染的牛奶向公众道歉”。
dairy:ˈdeəri/ 乳制品。giant:/ˈdʒaɪənt/ 巨人;大公司。
contaminated :/kənˈtæmɪneɪtɪd/ 受污染的
83. End your cover letter_____ a respectful closing statement.
A. in
B. from
C. on
D. with
【解析】答案D,本题考核介词。句意为“在你的求职信结尾写上一句表尊敬的结束语”。
cover:/ˈkʌvə(r)/ 覆盖。respectful:/rɪˈspektfl/ 恭敬的
84. If you ride your bike too fast, there may be _____accident.
A. a
B. the
C. an
D. /
【解析】答案C,本题考核冠词。accident读音以元音音素/æ/开头,故冠词用an。句意为“如果你骑自行车太快,可能会发生事故”。
85. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India.
A. a poor
B. the poor
C. poor
D. poors
【解析】答案B,本题考核冠词。the +形容词,表示这一类人群(复数),又如the unemployed(失业者), the wounded(伤员)。句意为“调查人员发现,应该为印度的穷人做更多的工作”。
86. Many schools need better facilities for ______ scientific experiments.
A. carrying out
B. putting out
C. taking out
D. pointing out
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组辨析。carry out开展、执行; put out扑灭、关熄; take out获得(贷款、许可、保险等); point out句意为“指出”。句意为“许多学校需要更好的设施来进行科学实验”。
facilities :/fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ 设施;设备;
scientific :/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ 科学的
experiments: /ɪkˈsperɪmənts/ 实验
87. How will the evaluation of these facilities be _____?
A. carried out
B. taken out
C. carried off
D. taken off
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组辨析。carry out开展、执行; take out获得; carry off携走、夺走;take off脱下、起飞。句意为“如何对这些设施进行评估?”。
88. Does everyone know what to do if a fire ______?
A. breaks into
B. breaks up
C. breaks off
D. breaks out
【解析】答案D,本题考核词组辨析。break into 闯入;break up分裂、分手; break off折断、突然中止; break out爆发。句意为“如果发生火灾,每个人都知道该怎么做吗?”。
89. The worst nuclear disaster in US history ______ in March 1979.
A. broke into
B. broke up
C. broke off
D. broke out
【解析】答案D,本题考核词组辨析。break into 闯入;break up分裂、分手; break off折断、突然中止; break out爆发。句意为“1979年3月爆发了美国历史上最严重的核灾难”。
nuclear:/ˈnjuːkliə(r)/ 原子能的,核能的;核武器的;
90. She ______ her father’s firm after his retirement.
A. took over
B. took on
C. took up
D. took off
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组辨析。take over接管、接受;take on承担、承受; take up占据(时间或地方); take off脱下、起飞。句意为“她在父亲退休后接管了他的公司”。
91. This opportunity ______ at just the right time for me.
A. turned on
B. turned up
C. turned down
D. turned out
【解析】答案B,本题考核词组。turn on 打开;turn up出现、到来、开大、调高; turn down拒绝、关小; turn out结果是、关掉。句意为“这个机会对我来说恰逢其时”。
92. Decisions were often made ______ of incorrect information.
A. on the basis
B. in the basis
C. in terms
D. on terms
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组辨析。on the basis of根据某事; in terms of就……而言。句意为“决定往往基于错误的信息”。
93. The company does not hire employees ______ their race, sex, age, or religion.
A. on the basis of
B. regardless of
C. in spite of
D. for fear of
【解析】答案A,本题考核词组辨析。on the basis of根据、依据;regardless of不管、不顾;in spite of尽管;for fear of生怕、以免。句意为“公司不以员工的种族、性别、年龄或宗教信仰为依据而雇佣员工”。
religion:/rɪˈlɪdʒən/ 宗教;宗教信仰;
94. The machinery and equipment must be entirely new and _____.
A. update
B. up to date
C. date back
D. out of date
【解析】答案B,本题考核词组辨析。update更新、升级v. & n.; up to date最新的、现代的;date back追溯到;out of date过时、落伍的。句意为“机器和设备必须是全新的和最新的”。
95. There are also people providing community service, but they receive some form of payment ______ their work.
A. in honor of
B. in comparison to
C. in return for
D. in terms of
【解析】答案C,本题考核词组辨析。in honor of为了纪念……; in comparison to与……相比;in return for作为……回报/交换;in terms of就……而言。句意为“也有人提供社区服务,但他们会得到某种形式的报酬,以回报他们的工作”。