Shell 基本运算符356356

Shell 基本运算符

Shell 和其他编程语言一样，支持多种运算符，包括：

• 算数运算符
• 关系运算符
• 布尔运算符
• 字符串运算符
• 文件测试运算符

原生bash不支持简单的数学运算，但是可以通过其他命令来实现，例如 awk 和 expr，expr 最常用。

expr 是一款表达式计算工具，使用它能完成表达式的求值操作。

例如，两个数相加(注意使用的是反引号 ` 而不是单引号 ')：

实例

#!/bin/bash val=`expr 2 + 2` echo "两数之和为 : $val"

运行实例 »

执行脚本，输出结果如下所示：

两数之和为 : 4

两点注意：

• 表达式和运算符之间要有空格，例如 2+2 是不对的，必须写成 2 + 2，这与我们熟悉的大多数编程语言不一样。
• 完整的表达式要被 ` ` 包含，注意这个字符不是常用的单引号，在 Esc 键下边。

算术运算符

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下表列出了常用的算术运算符，假定变量 a 为 10，变量 b 为 20：

注意：条件表达式要放在方括号之间，并且要有空格，例如: [$a==$b] 是错误的，必须写成 [ $a == $b ]。

实例

算术运算符实例如下：

实例

#!/bin/bash # author:菜鸟教程 # url:www.runoob.com a=10 b=20 val=`expr $a + $b` echo "a + b : $val" val=`expr $a – $b` echo "a – b : $val" val=`expr $a \\* $b` echo "a * b : $val" val=`expr $b / $a` echo "b / a : $val" val=`expr $b % $a` echo "b % a : $val" if [ $a == $b ] then    echo "a 等于 b" fi if [ $a != $b ] then    echo "a 不等于 b" fi

执行脚本，输出结果如下所示：

a + b : 30
a – b : -10
a * b : 200
b / a : 2
b % a : 0
a 不等于 b

注意：

• 乘号(*)前边必须加反斜杠(\\)才能实现乘法运算；
• if…then…fi 是条件语句，后续将会讲解。
• 在 MAC 中 shell 的 expr 语法是：$((表达式))，此处表达式中的 "*" 不需要转义符号 "\\" 。

关系运算符

关系运算符只支持数字，不支持字符串，除非字符串的值是数字。

下表列出了常用的关系运算符，假定变量 a 为 10，变量 b 为 20：

实例

关系运算符实例如下：

实例

#!/bin/bash # author:菜鸟教程 # url:www.runoob.com a=10 b=20 if [ $a -eq $b ] then    echo "$a -eq $b : a 等于 b" else    echo "$a -eq $b: a 不等于 b" fi if [ $a -ne $b ] then    echo "$a -ne $b: a 不等于 b" else    echo "$a -ne $b : a 等于 b" fi if [ $a -gt $b ] then    echo "$a -gt $b: a 大于 b" else    echo "$a -gt $b: a 不大于 b" fi if [ $a -lt $b ]